Kidney stones are a deep sorrow sick people attack them , mainly in young adults, although not realized exactly the same symptoms of kidney stones , kidney stones, the most typical symptom is kidney colic , vomiting phenomenon even in pain . There lumbar pain , dysuria , or hematuria, and some are even asymptomatic . People suffering from kidney stones should be noted that more water, more exercise , which discharged stones of great help . Should limit the intake of meat , especially organ meats ; kidney stones during treatment should pay attention to eating beef , mutton ; eat foods rich in vitamin C class .
Kidney stones diet therapy methods
1 , decoction white beans seedlings can cure urinary tract stones put on 200 grams white beans seedling medicine pot, add water over 1 to 2 cm , after opening Microflame fried fry 15 minutes a day for a cup can be.
2 , hanging pumpkin vine rows of stones can be soaked in water : Take hanging pumpkin vine 100 g ( fresh doubles ) , washed and chopped into thermos , soaked with water , as a tea .
3 , chicken yellow , etc. can be ranked urinary calculi : Take 50 grams of chicken yellow , money grass 40 grams , add water 1000 ml , 500 ml fry , filter out the backup . Another walnuts amount, with crisp fried food , sugar amount of mixing and grinding to make into an emulsion , the emulsion during the day with these blunt this decoction . Continuous medication to discharge stones symptoms disappeared.
4 , ebony walnut can prevent urinary tract stones : eat five daily ebony , or 100 g raw walnuts, and drink more water , you can effectively prevent the formation of phosphate stones.
5 , coffee, tea and other beverages can prevent kidney stones : 0.5 pounds a person drank water , suffering from kidney and bladder stones danger down 4% , drank the same amount of coffee, tea , beer and wine and other beverages, suffering from kidney risk of stones is reduced by 10 %, 14 %, 21 % and 39 % respectively. Therefore , the appropriate drink beverages each day , can effectively prevent kidney stones.
6 , jujube, longan, lotus seed soup can cure kidney : Take jujube 7 , 7 longan , lotus seeds 14 , add a little boiling water, let cool , and the soup jujube , longan, lotus seeds taken together . This method can be winter , sooner or later ages , and the long-term use . Especially the middle-aged female friends .
7 , steamed little cock can cure kidney : the crowing of the cockerel ( rooster adult can not be used ) , washed and cut into conventional slaughtered chicken, put the pan fry a few minutes. Beyond the pot by adding 500 grams of rice vinegar ( do not add boiled water ) , simmered stew on the fire is still left to a small cup of vinegar ( careful to let the pot dry paste ) , with some vinegar leftover chicken Dunlan not appropriate.
8 , the gold RONGSHI side of Gallus gallus , Plantago, frog grass, Alisma, winged shield rattan and other natural ingredients consisting of decoction. Effective treatment of kidney stones.
2014年3月4日星期二
Treatment of kidney stones diet melon
Four square melon diet kidney stone treatment
First, melon bean soup
Melon, green beans , soup, ginger, scallion, salt . Wash the aluminum pan will stir , pour boiling soup , fishing net foam ; ginger Wash film break to put pot, onions rolled into a knot to the roots washed wok , green beans washing clean , remove floating on the water Yuba , and then into the pot stew ; melon , peeled , to the flesh , washed, cut into the pot , simmer until cooked soft but not bad , add a little salt and serve immediately.
This soup is clear taste of pure , refreshing and delicious, hot weather heat diuretic effect. Urine applied to wet summer caused adverse arrest or yellow urine and less . Thirst, upset, or swelling, burning pain or urinary tract infections .
Second, the winter melon soup spinach
Melon, spinach , lamb, ginger , onion amount. First melon, peeled , flesh , cut into the box , choose a good wash spinach , cut into 4 cm long segments , sliced lamb , sliced ginger , green onions and cut into sections ; then set fire to the frying pan , oil pan , who voted green onion, sheep meat and stir-fry , then add onion, ginger , spinach, melon pieces , toss, add soup , boil for about 10 minutes , add salt , soy sauce, monosodium glutamate , and finally into the wet starch juice mix well and serve. The soups taste delicious with tonic swelling, weight loss fitness effect for women with gestational edema , body obesity eat.
Third, melon white duck meat soup
White duck , pork , melon ( not peeled ) , lotus leaf , cucumber , salt, monosodium glutamate. In addition to the hair will be white duck intestinal mixed , washed, clean cut melon , pork slices . The whole white duck with cucumber , lotus leaf with the release of the casserole, add water, boil and then into the melon, meat , duck meat and cook until Shulan , transferred to salt, MSG can . Single food or adorned , meat soup . With the spleen and stomach , nourishing Qingshu effect. For heat bored, Diabetes embolism , can also be used after the illness physically weak person .
Fourth, melon white fungus soup
Melon , white fungus . First melon, peeled , flesh , cut into pieces ; fungus bubble hair, wash ; pot put fueled pan, pour the melon stir fry for a moment , add soup , salt , till the melon will be cooked , add white fungus , MSG , rice wine and mix thoroughly Serve. This soup has a heat fluid, swelling of the diuretic effect, suitable for high blood pressure , heart disease , nephritis edema in patients taking .
First, melon bean soup
Melon, green beans , soup, ginger, scallion, salt . Wash the aluminum pan will stir , pour boiling soup , fishing net foam ; ginger Wash film break to put pot, onions rolled into a knot to the roots washed wok , green beans washing clean , remove floating on the water Yuba , and then into the pot stew ; melon , peeled , to the flesh , washed, cut into the pot , simmer until cooked soft but not bad , add a little salt and serve immediately.
This soup is clear taste of pure , refreshing and delicious, hot weather heat diuretic effect. Urine applied to wet summer caused adverse arrest or yellow urine and less . Thirst, upset, or swelling, burning pain or urinary tract infections .
Second, the winter melon soup spinach
Melon, spinach , lamb, ginger , onion amount. First melon, peeled , flesh , cut into the box , choose a good wash spinach , cut into 4 cm long segments , sliced lamb , sliced ginger , green onions and cut into sections ; then set fire to the frying pan , oil pan , who voted green onion, sheep meat and stir-fry , then add onion, ginger , spinach, melon pieces , toss, add soup , boil for about 10 minutes , add salt , soy sauce, monosodium glutamate , and finally into the wet starch juice mix well and serve. The soups taste delicious with tonic swelling, weight loss fitness effect for women with gestational edema , body obesity eat.
Third, melon white duck meat soup
White duck , pork , melon ( not peeled ) , lotus leaf , cucumber , salt, monosodium glutamate. In addition to the hair will be white duck intestinal mixed , washed, clean cut melon , pork slices . The whole white duck with cucumber , lotus leaf with the release of the casserole, add water, boil and then into the melon, meat , duck meat and cook until Shulan , transferred to salt, MSG can . Single food or adorned , meat soup . With the spleen and stomach , nourishing Qingshu effect. For heat bored, Diabetes embolism , can also be used after the illness physically weak person .
Fourth, melon white fungus soup
Melon , white fungus . First melon, peeled , flesh , cut into pieces ; fungus bubble hair, wash ; pot put fueled pan, pour the melon stir fry for a moment , add soup , salt , till the melon will be cooked , add white fungus , MSG , rice wine and mix thoroughly Serve. This soup has a heat fluid, swelling of the diuretic effect, suitable for high blood pressure , heart disease , nephritis edema in patients taking .
2014年3月3日星期一
TCM analysis glomerulonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis, in Chinese medicine attributed to the consumptive , hematuria , edema , back pain, off grid and other areas. Change in the urine , edema, hypertension and renal dysfunction syndrome as the center , the main cause of wasting organs and cold caused by damp .
1 wasting organs : the incidence of the disease is closely related to physical differences . " The evil Minato , the gas will empty " , lack of talent, the reason is the inherent weakness of organs Benbingfasheng . Impassioned internal injuries , eating disorders , pregnancy injured workers , Room For excessive , potentially wasting organs is caused by pathological factors . In wasting organs , the lung , spleen, kidney three dirty -based, lung , spleen and kidney dysfunction, then pass notes Division lost , no right to health movement , opening and closing unfavorable , so moisture is not shipped , overflow from the skin edema .
2 cold damp toxin : exogenous cold, the homes in the lungs , lung failure declared down ; or living in the wetlands, rain wading , wet air of the invasion ; or usually diet, eat more cold, wet storm spleen , missing health movement , cold simmers , kidney damage injury Yang ; or because of skin ulcers sore carbuncle failed to clear solution clear, go Insufficiency the sore ; or long custodial heat , wet heat of depression , loss of coke stomach Shengqingjiangzhuo of its energy by heat fumigation and renal dysfunction unifying 's . All these make the lung, spleen and kidney damage, water metabolism disorders, disorders of Mizutani subtle cloud liquid water overflow in the skin and edema, subtle with the urine and proteinuria .
Glomerulonephritis nephritis treated with traditional Chinese medicine , Chen Fang therapy using a combination of absorption of the drug to achieve therapeutic effect causes of nephritis .
1 wasting organs : the incidence of the disease is closely related to physical differences . " The evil Minato , the gas will empty " , lack of talent, the reason is the inherent weakness of organs Benbingfasheng . Impassioned internal injuries , eating disorders , pregnancy injured workers , Room For excessive , potentially wasting organs is caused by pathological factors . In wasting organs , the lung , spleen, kidney three dirty -based, lung , spleen and kidney dysfunction, then pass notes Division lost , no right to health movement , opening and closing unfavorable , so moisture is not shipped , overflow from the skin edema .
2 cold damp toxin : exogenous cold, the homes in the lungs , lung failure declared down ; or living in the wetlands, rain wading , wet air of the invasion ; or usually diet, eat more cold, wet storm spleen , missing health movement , cold simmers , kidney damage injury Yang ; or because of skin ulcers sore carbuncle failed to clear solution clear, go Insufficiency the sore ; or long custodial heat , wet heat of depression , loss of coke stomach Shengqingjiangzhuo of its energy by heat fumigation and renal dysfunction unifying 's . All these make the lung, spleen and kidney damage, water metabolism disorders, disorders of Mizutani subtle cloud liquid water overflow in the skin and edema, subtle with the urine and proteinuria .
Glomerulonephritis nephritis treated with traditional Chinese medicine , Chen Fang therapy using a combination of absorption of the drug to achieve therapeutic effect causes of nephritis .
Advantages and disadvantages of peritoneal dialysis
Advantage
You can change the operating fluid in many locations , no hospital three times a week .
Remove the water at a steady rate , blood pressure control is better.
Fewer dietary restrictions , because they can remove toxins stable for a long time .
Less likely to anemia.
For macromolecules and molecular uremic toxin removal efficiency is better.
Easier to retain residual renal function and residual urination , urination residual renal function and residual survival and quality of life for help is obvious.
Low cost ; especially when you want to maintain hemodialysis patients reduces mortality and quality of life , prolonged dialysis must be taken to increase the stability of dialysis , dialysis and night in order to increase the freedom of the hospital , which will significantly increase the cost of dialysis .
Shortcoming
Because dialysis fluid containing glucose, glucose and lipid control and therefore poor, and renal failure in patients with late many diabetics ; Aiduonier can be used to improve the dialysate glucose and lipid control , but still not fully resolved.
Protein loss , poor appetite for the patient is the problem ; dialysate containing amino acids can be used to slow down .
Because there will be mixed with bacteria and viruses may dialysate fluid when changing , so the risk of peritonitis , we must use good hygiene habits to prevent hemodialysis by doctors and nurses to deal with health issues ; But recently with the development of automatic exchange of medium machine , so that the frequency of peritonitis decline .
The patient's mental , physical and residual renal function must have a certain level , otherwise you must use hemodialysis.
Peritoneal still " useful life " , then you must use hemodialysis, but you can use Aiduonier dialysate and dialysate amino acids to increase lifespan.
If dehydration is not satisfactory, needs to be replaced dialysate thicker , denser dialysate will increase the difficulty of controlling blood glucose and lipid , and will shorten the life of the peritoneum ; using Aiduonier dialysis fluid can be used in exchange for fewer peritoneal injury same dewatering capacity .
So overall, young and fit patients without diabetes before using peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis until the residual renal function is poor too ; rather old and most of the patients suffering from diabetes must use at the beginning hemodialysis .
You can change the operating fluid in many locations , no hospital three times a week .
Remove the water at a steady rate , blood pressure control is better.
Fewer dietary restrictions , because they can remove toxins stable for a long time .
Less likely to anemia.
For macromolecules and molecular uremic toxin removal efficiency is better.
Easier to retain residual renal function and residual urination , urination residual renal function and residual survival and quality of life for help is obvious.
Low cost ; especially when you want to maintain hemodialysis patients reduces mortality and quality of life , prolonged dialysis must be taken to increase the stability of dialysis , dialysis and night in order to increase the freedom of the hospital , which will significantly increase the cost of dialysis .
Shortcoming
Because dialysis fluid containing glucose, glucose and lipid control and therefore poor, and renal failure in patients with late many diabetics ; Aiduonier can be used to improve the dialysate glucose and lipid control , but still not fully resolved.
Protein loss , poor appetite for the patient is the problem ; dialysate containing amino acids can be used to slow down .
Because there will be mixed with bacteria and viruses may dialysate fluid when changing , so the risk of peritonitis , we must use good hygiene habits to prevent hemodialysis by doctors and nurses to deal with health issues ; But recently with the development of automatic exchange of medium machine , so that the frequency of peritonitis decline .
The patient's mental , physical and residual renal function must have a certain level , otherwise you must use hemodialysis.
Peritoneal still " useful life " , then you must use hemodialysis, but you can use Aiduonier dialysate and dialysate amino acids to increase lifespan.
If dehydration is not satisfactory, needs to be replaced dialysate thicker , denser dialysate will increase the difficulty of controlling blood glucose and lipid , and will shorten the life of the peritoneum ; using Aiduonier dialysis fluid can be used in exchange for fewer peritoneal injury same dewatering capacity .
So overall, young and fit patients without diabetes before using peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis until the residual renal function is poor too ; rather old and most of the patients suffering from diabetes must use at the beginning hemodialysis .
2014年3月2日星期日
Lemon juice can prevent kidney stones?
If people are suffering from kidney stones blame God , not as a cup of lemon juice to drink . New research shows that drinking lemon juice is an effective way and the taste is not bad , and let people have a tendency to kidney stones , slow birth of new stones.
If people are suffering from kidney stones blame God , not as a cup of lemon juice to drink . New research shows that drinking lemon juice is an effective way and the taste is not bad , and let people have a tendency to kidney stones , slow birth of new stones.
Have experienced the pain of kidney stones who will never forget the waist on both sides of that sudden , severe pain ; Some patients likened it as painful and childbirth . For ease of people suffering from kidney stones , doctors usually prescribe potassium citrate , which can be a pill or . Serving fluid administered ; however , why not take in the natural citrate from life at your fingertips lemon juice yet. The experts found that when low-sugar or sugar-free made of lemon juice, lemon juice increases the concentration of citrate in the urine , so as to achieve the effect of inhibiting the formation of kidney stones . Its effect is probably not as good as potassium citrate , but the patient did not want to eat western medicine , the lemon juice is a good alternative. For those people , it is easy to form kidney stones , lemon juice also have other effects , it helps urination.
In order to reduce kidney stones , you have to increase water intake to discharge more urine ; live in the Atlanta area hot people than live in foggy San Francisco, who need to drink more . How to make lemon juice it? Experts suggest that the 1/2 cup of concentrated lemon juice added 7 cups of water diluted , can add a little sugar substitute to taste , but not sugar , lemon juice and sugar because of the extra calories brought to most people 's health is concerned too much.
However , just lemon juice alone can not solve the problem of kidney stones , but that is a part of the diet in the prevention of kidney stones . Experts point out that , first of all, you must reduce the amount of salt in the diet , eating potassium-containing salt substitutes ( healthy low sodium ) ; food if two or more choices , then pick a lower salt content ; Second , meal eat small amounts of red meat and fish ; third , increasing water intake, because every day must be discharged from 1500 to 2000 ml of urine.
If people are suffering from kidney stones blame God , not as a cup of lemon juice to drink . New research shows that drinking lemon juice is an effective way and the taste is not bad , and let people have a tendency to kidney stones , slow birth of new stones.
Have experienced the pain of kidney stones who will never forget the waist on both sides of that sudden , severe pain ; Some patients likened it as painful and childbirth . For ease of people suffering from kidney stones , doctors usually prescribe potassium citrate , which can be a pill or . Serving fluid administered ; however , why not take in the natural citrate from life at your fingertips lemon juice yet. The experts found that when low-sugar or sugar-free made of lemon juice, lemon juice increases the concentration of citrate in the urine , so as to achieve the effect of inhibiting the formation of kidney stones . Its effect is probably not as good as potassium citrate , but the patient did not want to eat western medicine , the lemon juice is a good alternative. For those people , it is easy to form kidney stones , lemon juice also have other effects , it helps urination.
In order to reduce kidney stones , you have to increase water intake to discharge more urine ; live in the Atlanta area hot people than live in foggy San Francisco, who need to drink more . How to make lemon juice it? Experts suggest that the 1/2 cup of concentrated lemon juice added 7 cups of water diluted , can add a little sugar substitute to taste , but not sugar , lemon juice and sugar because of the extra calories brought to most people 's health is concerned too much.
However , just lemon juice alone can not solve the problem of kidney stones , but that is a part of the diet in the prevention of kidney stones . Experts point out that , first of all, you must reduce the amount of salt in the diet , eating potassium-containing salt substitutes ( healthy low sodium ) ; food if two or more choices , then pick a lower salt content ; Second , meal eat small amounts of red meat and fish ; third , increasing water intake, because every day must be discharged from 1500 to 2000 ml of urine.
Winter drink less easy to get kidney stones
1 , urine
Urine tests, including pH, relative density ( specific gravity ) , red blood cells, pus , protein , sugar, crystal and so on. Low urinary pH , often prompts a certain type of stones: calcium phosphate, carbonate apatite stones in urinary pH in patients often higher than 7.0 ; while urinary pH uric acid , cystine and calcium oxalate stone patients often less than 5.5 .
Meanwhile , urine visible microscopic hematuria or gross hematuria. However, 15% of patients without hematuria. In non-infectious stones , may have mild pyuria . Urinary stones can be found in the urine of patients with hematuria , urine and pus and other crystals .
2 , blood
When patients coinfected heavier , more pus in the urine occurs , you need to do blood tests , showing leukocytes and neutrophils increased.
3, X -ray examination
X -ray examination is an important method of diagnosis of renal and ureteral stones , including KUB , excretory urography , retrograde pyelography , or for percutaneous angiography . More than about 95% of urinary calculi in the X -ray imaging, to determine the treatment and post- treatment of stones the size and number of parts and contrast has an important value.
4, B -ultrasound
It can be seen with or without hydronephrosis, also can be seen not high calcium stones, its not clear when the X-rays , but can be seen with a B- .
According to doctors, with a drink or to drink beer instead of a very unscientific , beer after the body absorb broken down into uric acid, high people often drink beer uric acid concentration , easy to get kidney stones. This population but also to regular inspection, consult a physician scientific methods of prevention , disease if found , to early treatment.
Urine tests, including pH, relative density ( specific gravity ) , red blood cells, pus , protein , sugar, crystal and so on. Low urinary pH , often prompts a certain type of stones: calcium phosphate, carbonate apatite stones in urinary pH in patients often higher than 7.0 ; while urinary pH uric acid , cystine and calcium oxalate stone patients often less than 5.5 .
Meanwhile , urine visible microscopic hematuria or gross hematuria. However, 15% of patients without hematuria. In non-infectious stones , may have mild pyuria . Urinary stones can be found in the urine of patients with hematuria , urine and pus and other crystals .
2 , blood
When patients coinfected heavier , more pus in the urine occurs , you need to do blood tests , showing leukocytes and neutrophils increased.
3, X -ray examination
X -ray examination is an important method of diagnosis of renal and ureteral stones , including KUB , excretory urography , retrograde pyelography , or for percutaneous angiography . More than about 95% of urinary calculi in the X -ray imaging, to determine the treatment and post- treatment of stones the size and number of parts and contrast has an important value.
4, B -ultrasound
It can be seen with or without hydronephrosis, also can be seen not high calcium stones, its not clear when the X-rays , but can be seen with a B- .
According to doctors, with a drink or to drink beer instead of a very unscientific , beer after the body absorb broken down into uric acid, high people often drink beer uric acid concentration , easy to get kidney stones. This population but also to regular inspection, consult a physician scientific methods of prevention , disease if found , to early treatment.
Contraindicated in patients with kidney stones diet
Patients with kidney stones in their daily lives to pay special attention to diet, some foods may aggravate kidney stones disease , the following enumerated patients with kidney stones should pay special attention to food.
Control calcium intake
There are pockets % stones is calcium or calcium product formation. If you're on a back of the stone , the main ingredient is calcium , then you have to pay attention to calcium intake. If you are taking nutritional supplements crystal , you first need to consult a physician if necessary . Second is to check daily calcium intake of food, including milk , cheese , butter and other dairy products . Milk and antacids may produce kidney stones.
Do not eat foods rich in oxalate
Approximately 60% of stones are calcium oxalate stones. Therefore, you should limit intake of oxalate -rich foods, including beans, beets, celery , chocolate, grapes, green peppers, parsley , spinach , strawberries and vegetables kale Division . Also avoid alcohol, caffeine , tea , chocolate, dried figs , lamb , nuts , green peppers , black tea, poppy seeds and so on.
Note that protein intake
Kidney stones and protein intake is directly associated with . Protein is easy to make the urine uric acid, calcium and phosphorus occurs , leading to the formation of stones. If you suffered from calcium stones , you should pay special attention to whether the excessive intake of protein, especially if you had too much uric acid or cystine stones records. Limit foods to eat 180 grams of protein a day, which includes meat, cheese, chicken and fish .
Eat less salt
If you have calcium stones should reduce salt intake. Your daily salt intake should be reduced to 2-3 grams.
Avoid L- cystine
If you have a medical history of kidney stones or are currently suffering from kidney stones. Blood avoid L- cystine . The accumulation of this amino acid crystals in the kidney may produce large stones, blockage of the kidney .
Limit the amount of vitamin c
If you're prone to the formation of calcium oxalate stones , you should limit the amount of vitamin c . More than 3-4 grams a day may increase the manufacture of oxalic acid , thus increasing the chance of stones. Do intake of high potency vitamin c supplements.
Do not take too much vitamin D
Excess vitamin D may lead to the accumulation of calcareous parts of the body . Daily intake of vitamin D is best not to exceed RDA set by 400IU.
Check your stomach
Some common antacids containing high amounts of calcium . If you are suffering from calcium stones , but you are also taking antacids should check the ingredients of this medicine instructions to determine whether or not containing calcium . If it contains calcium , you should switch to another drug.
Control calcium intake
There are pockets % stones is calcium or calcium product formation. If you're on a back of the stone , the main ingredient is calcium , then you have to pay attention to calcium intake. If you are taking nutritional supplements crystal , you first need to consult a physician if necessary . Second is to check daily calcium intake of food, including milk , cheese , butter and other dairy products . Milk and antacids may produce kidney stones.
Do not eat foods rich in oxalate
Approximately 60% of stones are calcium oxalate stones. Therefore, you should limit intake of oxalate -rich foods, including beans, beets, celery , chocolate, grapes, green peppers, parsley , spinach , strawberries and vegetables kale Division . Also avoid alcohol, caffeine , tea , chocolate, dried figs , lamb , nuts , green peppers , black tea, poppy seeds and so on.
Note that protein intake
Kidney stones and protein intake is directly associated with . Protein is easy to make the urine uric acid, calcium and phosphorus occurs , leading to the formation of stones. If you suffered from calcium stones , you should pay special attention to whether the excessive intake of protein, especially if you had too much uric acid or cystine stones records. Limit foods to eat 180 grams of protein a day, which includes meat, cheese, chicken and fish .
Eat less salt
If you have calcium stones should reduce salt intake. Your daily salt intake should be reduced to 2-3 grams.
Avoid L- cystine
If you have a medical history of kidney stones or are currently suffering from kidney stones. Blood avoid L- cystine . The accumulation of this amino acid crystals in the kidney may produce large stones, blockage of the kidney .
Limit the amount of vitamin c
If you're prone to the formation of calcium oxalate stones , you should limit the amount of vitamin c . More than 3-4 grams a day may increase the manufacture of oxalic acid , thus increasing the chance of stones. Do intake of high potency vitamin c supplements.
Do not take too much vitamin D
Excess vitamin D may lead to the accumulation of calcareous parts of the body . Daily intake of vitamin D is best not to exceed RDA set by 400IU.
Check your stomach
Some common antacids containing high amounts of calcium . If you are suffering from calcium stones , but you are also taking antacids should check the ingredients of this medicine instructions to determine whether or not containing calcium . If it contains calcium , you should switch to another drug.
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