The main symptoms of kidney stones

Kidney stones symptoms usually depends on the size of stones, with or without secondary infection and degree of obstruction. When the stones without infection, long-term symptoms, but most patients have symptoms of kidney stones.

Approximately 75% of patients with low back pain of kidney stones. Stones greater mobility in the pelvis is small, and mostly dull pain, sometimes pain. Small stones in the renal pelvis largest mobile degrees. Easily lead to the coupling portion of the renal pelvis and ureter obstruction and renal colic. Renal colic is a sudden onset of severe pain, starting from the waist, down along the ureter to the bladder radiation. Paroxysmal pain, usually lasts a few minutes, but also for hours, and nausea and vomiting, and sometimes the patient was pale, sweating, was a collapsed state.
Hematuria is the second important symptom, pain and hematuria have emerged is characterized by renal and ureteral stones; especially when more physical activity, such as labor, exercise, sudden onset of pain and hematuria when riding and riding. But generally mild hematuria, sometimes naked eye can not see, but could be seen in almost every case of red blood cells from the minority to the majority, so it is important microscopic examination of the urine under a microscope.

Typical proportion of patients in clinical pain no stones and hematuria, urinary tract infection and symptoms due to medical treatment. In this class, if not investigated in patients with primary disease caused by infections, urinary tract makes plain film X-ray of urinary and venous angiography, it is easy to overlook the presence of stones.
Sometimes the presence of kidney stones in patients with a history of rows of stones, this diagnosis. Bilateral kidney stones cause obstruction, acute anuria may occur. Sometimes, because of the kidney reflex, contralateral kidney stones can cause back pain.

Nephropathy leading to the four categories of low back pain

Low back pain caused by kidney disease is divided into four categories, so nephropathy leading to four categories of low back pain, what does it come to you the following detailed description of the four categories of low back pain cause kidney disease?:
First, renal parenchymal disease caused by kidney enlargement: mainly seen in acute glomerulonephritis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, etc..
Pain Performance: enlargement of the kidneys involve the renal capsule, there will be persistent pain, dull pain.
Associated symptoms: Some patients also accompanied by gross hematuria, edema, hypertension and so on.
Experts advise: analgesics is not associated with kidney disease
Laboratory tests: Urine tests can be found.
Second, kidney infections: more common in renal abscess, acute pyelonephritis early symptoms, mainly due to bacterial infection.
Pain Performance: mostly unilateral low back pain, unbearable pressing and tapping inspection
Associated symptoms: often accompanied by fever, chills.
Laboratory tests: can be diagnosed by testing urine over conventional and B.
Third, kidney tumors or cysts: such as kidney cysts, polycystic kidney disease, benign and malignant tumors.
Pain performance: If the cyst or tumor large enough to involve the renal capsule, can cause persistent pain and dull.
Laboratory tests: by B ultrasound or CT to confirm the diagnosis.
Fourth, kidney stones
Pain performance: If impacted stones in the ureter renal colic occurs, the performance of intermittent episodes of severe colic, may radiate to the perineum.
Associated symptoms: with sweating, nausea and vomiting, severe gross hematuria.
Laboratory tests: B can be diagnosed by ultrasound or abdominal X-ray film.
Common back pain and kidney unrelated
Bone disease: bone disease caused by low back pain and disc to fracture the most common, most patients with sprains, bruises and other trauma, the stoop, will produce severe pain or waist turning force, you can by X-ray, CT or MRI examination revealed the problem.

Muscle strain: more common in long-term people who work sitting or standing, the general performance of the acid pain will be eased through therapy or massage after.
Gynecological diseases: also cause lumbosacral pain, a common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, annex inflammation, such as the uterus, usually the symptoms of pain, pain, pain, fall, such patients are often accompanied by menstruation, abnormal vaginal discharge, and pain The position primarily located in the lumbosacral region, gynecological examination can be carried out to confirm the diagnosis.

Children suffering from kidney stones should be how to do?

An infant kidney stones What are the performance?
According to experts, the urine is the body of metabolic waste products is an important channel, if there is no urine draining out of the human body will have a sharp accumulation of toxins, toxins gather damage to the body of the baby are all aspects of the brain, heart, lung, kidney, liver damage is very serious, so if the parents and children who show difficulty in urination accompanied by fever and other symptoms, should be promptly sent to hospital for treatment.
Early onset of kidney stones in children, older children tend to tell the waist or groin pain, do not tell the kids is manifested crying, facial pallor, cold sweats. May appear urination, urine dripping urine interruption, dysuria, or hematuria, some accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, urinary tract infections, such as concurrency, then the treatment of systemic symptoms, such as fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, growth retardation and so on. Most white blood cells in urine check occasionally to be seen as the first cases of acute anuria, B-is a simple and easy way to check, kidney stones can be found in time.

Second, how to care for children with kidney stones should be?
About the daily care of children with kidney stones,
First, in addition to children with severe bed rest, in general, children should be more active, in order to facilitate the discharge of stones,
Second, to prevent and treat infections,
Third, more water, no urine of children should be limited according to the condition of drinking water,
Fourth, close observation of urine, urine and traits of children,
Fifth, appropriate restrictions on high calcium foods, eat foods high in oxalic acid free with free food and more food containing oxalate, juice, chocolate, vitamin B6 can be taken orally to prevent stones,
Sixth, strengthen the primary care of children, frequently changes the underwear, infant frequently changes the diapers, promptly after cleaning stool,
Seventh, if you want blues, best consumed within 4-5 hours during the day or at bedtime.

Three have been diagnosed with kidney stones treated?
Being screened for kidney stones is relatively small, there is no obvious symptoms, parents will bring their children home observation, hospitals keep track of, there are obvious symptoms will be admitted to hospital for children with severe, the hospital first take or conservative treatment, do not advocate surgery. But inspection of urine, infection control, so that children pass urine excreted the stones, it is not ranked, kidney failure and other conditions on the surgery, but not surgery, but through the lens or mirror the urinary bladder treatment .

Fourth, how the prognosis of children with kidney stones?
Kidney and urinary system are two completely different systems of the human body does not affect the urinary system stones excreted, and strong generation of children born kidneys ability, unless the child had a kidney on behalf of poor students, kidney stones and healing uncomplicated after the treatment, renal function can be restored child.

Fifth, how to prevent kidney stones in infants?
Prevention of kidney stones in infants, should pay attention to drinking water, drinking lots of water is the most effective form of prevention, control protein, sugar intake, to increase the food intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, calcium reasonable, not excessive taking cod liver oil, and if we consider food related to the original use of the diet should be suspended. Do not hold back, holding back could easily lead to urine concentration will increase the incidence of stones.

Suffering from uremia abnormalities of body organs

( 1 ) Digestive performance : digestive performance is the oldest and one of the most common manifestation , mainly anorexia, dyspepsia , abdominal discomfort , and then gradually nausea, vomiting and other symptoms. Severe cases may have glossitis , oral erosions . May have vomiting , blood in the stool if peptic ulcer involving the blood vessels.

( 2 ) the performance of the hematopoietic system : chronic renal failure patients had varying severity of anemia. Renal failure patients have bleeding tendencies, manifested as subcutaneous bleeding , bruising , bleeding gums , epistaxis , severe gastrointestinal bleeding and death can occur . Additionally, you can have abnormal white blood cells , as " toxic " effect , so that the formation and function of white blood cells are obstacles , WBC decrease ( mainly lymphocytes decreased production ) , neutrophil chemotaxis , phagocytosis and killing the ability to destroy bacteria is also reduced.

( 3 ) the performance of the cardiovascular system : common are hypertension, myocarditis and pericarditis uremia , a variety of arrhythmias and heart failure.

( 4 ) the performance of the respiratory system : respiratory system generally breathing difficulties when acidosis, can also be produced bronchitis , pneumonia and pleurisy and other manifestations of uremia .

( 5 ) Skin manifestations: may manifest as skin pale, dry, itchy and " urea cream ."

( 6 ) the skeletal system : Because calcium and phosphorus metabolism, can appear osteoporosis, osteomalacia or osteitis and pain pseudo fractures.

( 7 ) neuropsychiatric symptoms : central manifestations unresponsive, depression, irritability , agitation, convulsions, drowsiness and coma. Peripheral manifestations of disease manifestations such as peripheral nerve degeneration , skin allergies , burning, limb weakness and activity disorders.

( 8 ) endocrine dysfunction :

① parathyroid dysfunction performance : mainly for the performance of hyperparathyroidism , calcium and phosphorus metabolism may occur , the above changes in uremic osteodystrophy .

② thyroid dysfunction: Zheng Jian : weakness , fatigue , drowsiness , dry skin, hearing loss, tendon reflexes , and low body temperature .

③ sexual dysfunction : Women showed irregular menstruation, amenorrhea or reduced . Men mainly as impotence and decreased sperm motility . Children showed delayed sexual maturity .

Lead to exacerbation of the disease in patients with uremia reason

1 did not detect early symptoms : Many patients with chronic kidney disease early check slightly abnormal serum creatinine no attention until malaise, nausea and vomiting , symptoms of clinical proteinuria , anemia , high blood pressure , serum creatinine over 500 more than before embarking treatment. At a time when the treatment of the disease has been delayed prime time , leading to need long-term dialysis treatment , and even the need for a kidney transplant .


2 infections : patients with decreased immunity due to systemic uremia , easily co-infection , infection sites include systemic infection and local urinary tract infections. Infected patients , may increase the body burden and promote further deterioration of renal function is an important factor in causing uremia aggravated . Thus , uremic patients should pay attention to prevent infection.

3 Heart disease : heart disease can affect patients with systemic effective circulating blood volume, blood volume makes the kidneys less efficient . In addition, patients in heart failure , usually accompanied by systemic reflux disorder , kidney congestion in the state , adding uremia. Uremia can aggravate heart disease or congestive heart failure, pericardial tamponade .

4 use of nephrotoxic drugs : drugs can cause renal toxicity has aggravated uremia aminoglycoside antibiotics , iodine contrast agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

There are several treatments uremia

Uremia There are several treatments ?

In uremic stage of disease , in addition to water , electrolyte, acid-base balance disorders , bleeding tendency, such as further aggravate hypertension , the clinical performance of each organ system dysfunction , and metabolic disorders caused by substances may also occur :

A nervous system

Neurological symptoms are the main symptoms of uremia . In the early uremia, patients often have dizziness , headache , fatigue, comprehension and memory loss and other symptoms. As the disease worsens , there may be irritability, muscle tremors , convulsions ; may eventually develop into apathy, lethargy and coma.



2 , the digestive system

The earliest symptoms of digestive uremic patients is loss of appetite or indigestion, many patients will think this is a symptom of stomach ; exacerbations can occur when anorexia , nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.

3 , the cardiovascular system

Uremic patients because of the role of renal hypertension , acidosis, hyperkalemia, sodium and water retention , anemia and toxic substances , etc. , can be heart failure , arrhythmias, and myocardial damage and so on.

4 , the respiratory system

Acidosis in patients with slow and deep breathing , severe acidosis can be seen particularity breathing ( breathing Marcus Moore , also known as acidosis big breath ) . The gas exhaled by the patient with urine, which is the reason due to bacterial decomposition of urea in the saliva formation of ammonia. Can occur in patients with severe pulmonary edema , or pulmonary calcification cellulose pleurisy and other diseases , pulmonary edema and heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, sodium and water retention and other factors related to the role of stay . Cellulose pleurisy is inflammation caused by stimulation of urea ; lung calcification calcium deposition in the lung tissue caused .

Children how to prevent the cause of uremia uremia

Children cause uremia

1, children will have a case of bad breath uremic patients, the breath out of gas there Niaowei.

2, children will be tired of uremic patients, loss of appetite or indigestion phenomenon, if the condition is serious, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

3, children uremic patients have symptoms of pruritus, which is a common symptom in patients with uremia, in exposed parts of the skin, the skin can cause minor bruising bruising.

How to prevent uremia

1 Note that help children to clean the urinary organs.

2 active prevention, treatment of infections and colds

3. Enhance children's physical, reasonable diet, and improve immunity.

4 If there are acute and chronic nephritis or urinary tract infection, you should immediately go to a regular hospital.

Uremic patients can not eat what food

Uremic patient's diet is mainly to comply with the limits of protein, add enough calories, sodium restriction , limiting water restrictions several principles potassium , phosphorus ions. Specific uremic patients to fast food are the following :

1 , a small amount of urine edema avoid salt , avoid potassium , eat salty foods ( salted pickles, mustard , etc. ) , high potassium foods ( kelp , seaweed, mushrooms , potatoes , lotus seeds, melon seeds, lean beef , etc. ) , high uric acid foods : such as animal offal, seafood , dried fish , and beans

2 , avoid spicy foods such as chili , pepper , coffee, wine, cocoa.

3 , uremia can not eat foods rooster , goose , pig meat , sea fishy fat objects .


4 , fasting fruit : carambola ( never edible ) , guava , melon , cantaloupe , oranges , bananas, grapefruit and so on.

Four is in everyday life in uremic patients can not eat foods described above , we want to improve the condition of patients with uremia helpful , especially during the treatment of uremia , but it should be noted , is best carried out under the guidance of professional doctors reasonable diet .

5 , beans and bean products : Huang Yan, soybeans , mung beans, red beans , peas , tofu, tofu, soy milk.

6 , gluten products : gluten , flour sausage, baked bran .

7 , dried fruit and candied fruit : melon seeds, peanuts, walnuts , cashews, chestnuts , raisins, dried peaches , dried apricots , dried persimmons .

8 , milk : more than two cups of ice cream and milk .

9 , vegetables: kelp , seaweed , pickles, pickles , pickles.

10 , meat : salt or salted and smoked meats , such as: salted fish , bacon, bacon, duck, ham , sausage, salted , preserved eggs , canned sardines , meat dirty, kidneys, brain.

11 seafood : shrimp, clams, mussels , oysters, crab .

12 , the staple food categories: salty bread , crackers .

13 , fats and oils : butter , salt oil , margarine .

14 , sugar : brown sugar , brown sugar .

15 , condiments : beyond the amount allowed salt, soy sauce , bean paste, sweet chili sauce , curry powder, barbeque sauce , monosodium glutamate.

Treatment of uremia boiled peanuts jujube therapeutic side

1 , liver spinach soup

Take 50 g liver , 150 g of spinach . The liver slices , add the spinach , the amount of water and seasoning, soup consumption .

2 , boiled peanuts jujube

Take 60 grams of peanuts , 60 grams of jujube , first peanuts cooked , add boiled jujube together , once a day , and even eaten with soup .


3 , carp melon soup

Take a carp , about 500 grams, 500 grams of melon . Ripper will live carp to the scales wash, peeled and diced melon , add boiling soup, soup and eat fish twice a week .

4 eggs, potato soup

Take two eggs , potatoes, 500 g . Wash the potatoes Piqie Si , add water and cook , until Shulan time into the egg , Shaozhu moment Serve , 6 times a day to 8 times take.

5 , mung bean soup watermelon

Take 100 grams of green beans , watermelon amount. Wash the green beans , add water 1500 ml soup, soup to clear the pure green , go green beans , and then cut the rind into the wash and cook , boil away after the fire, until hot water boiling water .

6 , wheat starch cake

Take 150 g of wheat starch , wheat starch and water to the paste , the text gently Luocheng pizza , daily morning and evening for snack food .

Nursing Considerations pregnant women during uremia

1 Adjust diet

Third trimester fetal growth phase rapidly , the demand for energy to reach the peak , you need more protein , vitamins and iron, calcium intake. The uremic patients should avoid eating foods high in phosphorus . Patients should be high-calorie, high- protein , low potassium , low-phosphorus diet program based, calorie 125.5 ~ 146.5KJ / (kg · d), protein intake of 1.5g / (kg · d), to oral multidimensional elements tablets a day. Limiting sodium and water intake , eating rice -based, not soup.

Nursing Considerations pregnant women during uremia

Nursing Considerations pregnant women during uremia

2 good patient attitude adjustment

Due to fear of disease and uremia both pregnant drug effects on the fetus , but also worried about their physical condition can successfully produce , mother could be safe , as well as future great economic pressure , resulting in anxiety and depression and other emotions , family members should be patient and listen tell patients to understand their words and deeds , to express concern and support through physical and non- physical language , the husband should accompany each examination and treatment to relieve their tension.

3 . Strict implementation of Discharge Instructions

Patients should continue after discharge hemodialysis treatment , 3 times / week ; moving - arteriovenous fistula is the lifeblood of hemodialysis patients , patients should be prepared to protect the left limb , child care process, to avoid fistula limb compression, and to note the strength of the noise and tremors at the fistula . High- protein diet should eat , pay attention to changes in blood pressure monitored regularly postnatal examination.

Uremia and dialysis -dependent how do produce

Hemodialysis is the patient's blood to the dialyzer through a conduit that is in the lead "artificial kidney" for cleaning, toxins and excess water from the blood of the removed, and then the return blood to the patient , the body portion of the cycle to achieve removal of toxins the purpose of this process requires four to five hours each week, requiring dialysis 2-3 times. By hemodialysis , may serve two purposes :

Uremia and dialysis -dependent how do produce

Uremia and dialysis -dependent how do produce

First, in order to rid the body of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen as the representative of metabolic waste , and thus relieve nausea , vomiting , poor appetite , skin itching and other symptoms ;

Second, rid the body of excess water, so as to remove edema, control of blood pressure , to correct heart failure purposes.

From the above stated subjects seen in the context of the role of dialysis treatment , I was the only other ways to improve the above condition can no longer rely on hemodialysis patient , in fact, in terms of symptomatic patients is not dependent , but the condition needs to be alleviated by re- regulate immune function so that the body produces huge super self-repair capacity , accelerate its metabolism and repair, Quyushengxin , adjust the yin and yang , improving renal pathological changes, thereby protecting the remaining renal unit , and to destroy the nephrons are suffering from essentially restored. Early in uremic patients by light condition dialysis treatment to get rid of hope.

How uremic patients with renal failure the correct selection of antihypertensive drugs

Chronic nephritis, hypertension can damage the kidneys, in order to prevent this vicious cycle , so patients have " to lower blood pressure in the end" determination. Strive to blood pressure control to the desired level. When proteinuria more than 1 g per day , the blood pressure control at 125 / 75 mm Hg or less ; When it rains one gram daily urinary protein , blood pressure can be raised to 130 / 80 mm Hg or less. Progression of chronic nephritis , renal units exist in healthy high compensatory hemodynamic status , hypertension can lead to further aggravate the disease glomerular injury . So the positive control of hypertension can prevent renal damage worse. There are obviously satisfied for water retention who diuretics as first choice.

① kidney hospital currently commonly used antihypertensive drugs of choice are : angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors : such as captopril , enalapril , benazepril , cilazapril , etc. ;

How uremic patients with renal failure the correct selection of antihypertensive drugs

How uremic patients with renal failure the correct selection of antihypertensive drugs

② calcium antagonists : amlodipine, nifedipine , nicardipine, nitrendipine , etc. ; >>> antihypertensive medicine to take more than what happens ③ How to choose antihypertensive drugs for kidney failure , experts recommend β blockers stagnation drugs: renin -dependent hypertension has a good effect . Such as metoprolol , atenolol ;

③ α1 blockers : prazosin has a vasodilator effect , can dilate small arteries , veins ;

④ vasodilators : hydralazine as a good blood pressure lowering effect . These are the experts explain how to choose renal antihypertensive drugs .

Some side effects of high blood pressure appear ⑤ visible rash , itching , fatigue, dizziness , nausea, coughing , abnormal taste . Individuals proteinuria , neutropenia , neutropenia and SGPT, SGOT increased, resume after the withdrawal . Renal impairment may occur elevated serum creatinine , oliguria can cause hyperkalemia , serum potassium should be checked regularly , if the higher potassium , fasting potassium-rich bananas and other fruits and vegetables. Occasionally angioedema , arrhythmia .

Care with treatment to control the disease early uremia

1 It should be well-rested. Patients best to have a good rest, if it is bored, the patient can do whatever activities, avoid over exertion.

Care with treatment to control the disease early uremia

Care with treatment to control the disease early uremia

(2) should be given a low-protein diet: uremic patients living in care should be given a low-protein diet, the amount of protein in uremic patients can only eat a normal adult needs per kilogram of body weight less than half the amount of protein to reduce nitrogen in vivo quality metabolism retention allowance and generate material amounts.

3 add water, according to the different conditions to give the right amount of moisture, but also life care uremic patients do is add water.

4 should be used custard food: choose life care to achieve high nutritional value of food. Since protein intake is less, so you should choose a higher nutritional value and good absorption of animal protein foods containing vegetable protein and less food.

Chinese medicine treatment of uremia how "control " of the kidney

Nephropathy uremia lingering disease , pathogenesis intricate and different stages , must be based on the characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment of disease, the general choice of Astragalus , aconite , Cordyceps, Epimedium treatment , Morinda, ginger Pinellia , Salvia, car before the child , the Soviet Union stems , berberine , rhubarb, pink, angelica , safflower Xiezhuo warm kidney , circulation clearing and other drugs , these drugs can righting, blood circulation , dispelling evil without injury righteousness , there is innovation, improve renal blood flow , reduce blood urea nitrogen , serum creatinine, correction of acidosis and other effects, can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and improve the body's metabolism and immune function, accelerate the excretion of toxic substances , preventing further damage the glomeruli , inhibition of urea nitrogen , creatinine elevated promote increased hemoglobin .

Chinese medicine treatment of uremia how "control " of the kidney

Chinese medicine treatment of uremia medicine is how "control " of the kidney

Patients due to kidney weakness, true yin depletion, renal dysfunction, or temper deficiency , Mizutani transport of weakness , resulting in reduction of renal blood supply , so the formation of urine retention .

Patients usually suffer from chronic nephritis first , because not timely cured, renal function gradually decline and eventually form uremia.

TCM therapy for this disease : heat Yin , stasis Xiezhuo , spleen and kidney .

Reference prescription:

Rhubarb 10g, Yun Ling 18g, Bai Zhu 18g, Salvia 30g, Alisma 15g, Chinese yam 18g, Taiwan Ukraine 12g, Radix 10g, Prunella 18g, Radix 12g, Coix seed 30g, medlar 15g, Radix 18g, Placenta 10g, Astragalus 24g, Codonopsis 15g.

To know more uremic patients daily Precautions

Routine precautions uremia are:

1 , observed their symptoms. Because kidney patients must often observe whether edema or sicker , will lead to changes in urine and blood pressure changes. These routine precautions uremia is more important.

To know more uremic patients daily Precautions

To know more uremic patients daily Precautions

2 , pay attention to rest . General adult sleep 7-8 hours , but most patients with chronic kidney because less activity , bed a long time, often because of poor sleep , which in turn affects the treatment and prognosis. So to fully guarantee the patient's sleep. It also belongs to everyday precautions uremia .

3, note that cold. After the cold because their blood vessels shrink the body occurs , blood pressure. So go out in the winter should wear a mask. Do not walk barefoot in the summer , do not blow long fan , not a long soak in cold water. Because the cold will increase the burden on the kidneys , the disease is quite negative. These routine precautions uremia more common.