Renal failure patients adjust the dose of medication in a timely manner

Patients with renal failure, substance renal excretion decreased metabolism in the body, so that these substances accumulate in the body, is also true for drugs, some drug or metabolite itself to be excluded by the kidneys, so as a result of renal failure, although medication the amount is conventional amounts, which should be a product of metabolism or drug still accumulate in the body, which can cause the drug poisoning, so in patients with renal failure, the correct adjusted dose is very important.
If you use primarily by renal excretion of the drug, if it is still the usual amount, you can in the blood and tissues of savings reach toxic levels, while poisoning symptoms. Such symptoms are often masked symptoms of uremia patients, and not easily detected, causing poisoning tragedy; if the drug nephrotoxicity, it will lead to rapid deterioration of renal function, it must not careless.
In the medication, depends on the specific circumstances of drug metabolism and excretion pathways, renal function (based on creatinine clearance rate mainly), and dialyzed against the ability to clear the drug, the dose is adjusted. Drug dosage renal failure when, according to the drug slowed clearance decreased, but also to maintain an effective concentration in the blood.

In general, the first dose of the drug can be used a normal amount, but later the dose necessary to reduce, how reduction, each drug is different, the doctor check renal failure drug use table, can know.
Dialysis (hemodialysis), peritoneal dialysis (PD) of the patients, etc., taking the amount of the drug should also be carried out under the guidance of a doctor.

If you have more questions about kidney disease, please visit our website, or free to consult our online doctor. Our website is: www.kidney-cure.org

Kidney dialysis What are the disadvantages?

For kidney dialysis, kidney disease experts pointed out that a mixture of albumin dialysis can and urea into the dialyzer, excreted by artificial means, the body achieve balance. However, many are prepared to accept kidney dialysis kidney dialysis patients want to know What are the disadvantages?
Experts point out that Professor Zhang Qirui kidney dialysis is hemodialysis, hemodialysis solute through a semipermeable membrane, from high concentration to low concentration solution, the direction of movement. Mobile hemodialysis comprising solute and water movement, hemodialysis make the blood metabolic waste and excessive electrolyte moves to the dialysate. Through a mixture of albumin and hemodialysis can put into the dialyzer urea, excreted by artificial means, the body achieve balance.
Dialysis is the human body can not metabolize substances by organs of the body to achieve equilibrium effects, people once kidney damage, the body's endocrine disorders will be until renal insufficiency will be used when dialysis, dialysis for kidney patients is a very straightforward solution to get rid of the pain, can delay life. However, under so many advantages often will inevitably harm to the human body:
1, kidney dialysis can save lives, but can not cure. Dialysis timely rapid detoxification of toxins, complications can and after dialysis more serious over time will life crisis.
2, long-term kidney dialysis, will produce dependence. Dialysis treatment is only an auxiliary tool on the kidneys, but can ease the pain as soon as possible and not be able to eradicate, and dialysis for a long time, the body will produce dependence, a long time will have side effects on the human body.
3, kidney dialysis causes gradual loss of kidney. If you rely solely on long-term patients to dialysis, only because of the long-term kidney function will not shrink, scrap, and no longer fertile after dialysis.

4, kidney dialysis delay treatment, missed treatment opportunities. If, after dialysis, kidney will gradually began to no longer be used, time will complete loss of function, that when there is no way to re-treat and fix.
Through the above description, I believe that the patient is ready to accept kidney dialysis kidney dialysis have a preliminary understanding of what shortcomings, in fact, what are the advantages and disadvantages, which is more than just something to look at. If you want to dialysis, dialysis What harm Please note, advance understanding of dialysis in the end is not for you.
 
If you have more questions about kidney disease, please visit our website, or free to consult our online doctor. Our website is: www.kidney-cure.org

Renal cysts six prescriptions you Know

 What is the treatment of renal cysts remedies do believe this is a problem there is a lot of concern in patients with renal cysts, in order to help patients better treatment of renal cysts, we will make a detailed presentation on renal cysts recipe:

1 recipe renal cysts.
Water intake: a variety of kidney disease due to different causes, different course, is not the same treatment. In mild renal failure, due to kidney function decreased concentration, metabolites need more moisture to the kidneys, therefore, no significant kidney disease such as edema, heart failure, high blood pressure, should not blindly water restrictions. Reminded that those patients with chronic renal failure, renal failure, do not think that would have severely restricted the water, if too much water restrictions easy to increase the anti-deterioration of renal function.
2 renal cysts remedies.
Note that eat salty class (including pickled), do not eat spicy class (including pepper, wine, shrimp, crab, etc.), do not eat contaminated (including spoiled, leftovers, etc.), eat barbecue, and the occurrence of renal insufficiency or uremia should also pay attention to eat beans and their products, limiting animal protein foods, greasy foods and so on.
3 renal cysts remedies.
Pay attention to rest and avoid strenuous physical activity and abdominal trauma, kidney enlargement more obvious when it is appropriate to replace the belt straps in order to avoid cyst rupture; generally six months review time (including blood pressure, urine, renal function and B-); avoid all nephrotoxicity relatives (parents, siblings and children) for B-ultrasound; drugs.
4 renal cysts remedies.
Salt intake: control of salt, according to the degree of renal function of the patient's condition and make adjustments, not all patients with chronic renal insufficiency should strictly limit salt.
Renal cysts remedies 5.
Not a partial eclipse, whole grains, fresh vegetables and fruits, cattle, sheep, pig meat, eggs, milk, fish etc. edible.

6 renal cysts remedies.
Yi Shi stresses nutrition renal cysts in patients with high-quality protein foods, pay attention to high-fiber, high cellulose and low-fat food supplements, proper eating sugar.

If you have more knowledge about kidney want to know, please visit our website, or free to consult our online doctor. Our website is: www.kidney-cure.org

Избыток кальция может легко привести к камней в почках

Неонатальный кальция вам нужно, как это сделать? Квон Ва больница главный педиатрии врач Лю Хайянь объяснить текущие проблемы кальция и камни в почках читательского интереса.

Минеральная вода, молоко пробивные дети, склонные к вызывать запор

Вопрос 1: Минеральная вода вызовет камни с молоком не так ли? Бросился к формуле ребенка с водой, что является приемлемым?

Ответ:

Содействие использованию водопроводной воды от несущегося формуле. Молоко с минеральной водой не вызовет камни, но расстройство желудка и запор проблемы.

Лю Хайянь отметил, что лечение воды в домашних условиях были научный стандарт качества, после кипятка и дайте остыть до 40 ℃, а затем используется сухое молоко на нем. Поскольку температура воды слишком высока, превышает 50 ℃ уничтожит питательные вещества, особенно те, которые содержат активные иммунные компоненты (такие как те, которые содержат бифидобактерии) молоко.

Чистая вода потеряли минералы обыкновенная водопроводная вода, в то время как люди из скорости поглощения воды кальция может пойти на более чем 90%, это не подходит для чистой воды будет доить.

Таким образом, богатые минералами минеральная вода это? Разве это не самый подходящий для детей пить молоко удар так ли? Лю Хайянь минеральной воды, содержащей минералы минеральный состав более и сложный. Младенческая пищеварительной функции не является совершенным, фосфат, кальций тоже приведет к расстройству желудка и запоры.

Ультра 600 мл пить молоко без дополнительного кальция

Вопрос 2: Не все новорожденные нуждаются в кальции?

Ответ:

Нет. Не Хайянь говорит молочные смеси, как правило, в настоящее время, есть множество микроэлементов в правильных пропорциях, просто детский суточная доза более 600 мл, без симптомов дефицита кальция ребенка, вы больше не нуждаетесь в дополнительном дополнения кальция.

То же самое верно и для грудных детей, пока ребенок не симптомы дефицита кальция, грудное молоко детям необходимо достаточное количество кальция. Если грудное вскармливание явление дефицита кальция, способствуя мать кальция, симптомы дефицита кальция кальция мать ребенка также происходят, вы должны пойти в больницу, чтобы искать руководство врачей и медицинского обслуживания.

Избыток кальция является важной причиной для возникновения камней в почках

Вопрос 3: новорожденные нуждаются в кальции количество кальция, сколько?

Ответ:
Для тела усваивать кальций ограничен, особенно у детей. Не вызывает осаждение абсорбции кальция, но и причину образования камней в почках. Не только это, но и может привести к более серьезным последствиям, таким, как проблемы мозга кальцификации.

В настоящее время многие родители сомневаются в присутствии избытка кальция у детей.Основная проблема присутствии избытка кальция рыбий жир. Поскольку, масло печени трески является жирорастворимый препарат, если потребление слишком много, будут прикреплены к поверхности клетки, и в конечном счете образование проблемы кальцификации.

Симптомы дефицита кальция появляются мягкий ребенка, сколько кальция добавка подходит? Лю Хайянь дает критерий: Витамин D обеспечивает кальций, то вы должны обратить внимание на общее потребление витамина D каждый день ребенок должен быть в 400 единиц.

Вы прочитаете инструкцию грудного молока, сухое молоко 100 г витамина D (или кальция) составляет много, 400
Минус пить молоко потребление кальция блок, часть разницы в том, недостаток кальция, а затем пройти через нефтяной добавки печени трески.

И если появляются серьезные симптомы дефицита кальция ребенка, вы должны укреплять кальций, необходимые врачи больниц и медицинских работников, чтобы обратиться за помощью.

Детские симптомы дефицита кальция решимость:
Мягкий кальция

Раздражительность, плача, нарушение сна, легко проснуться, легко испугать, потливость, затылочные алопеция кругов позади зубов и других симптомов.
Тяжелый дефицит кальция
Причина рахита, или даже вызвать различные деформации скелета, таких как краниальной стороны, стол для пинг-понга голову, браслет или ножной браслет, ребрами, вальгусном куриной грудки или воронки груди, O-ноги или ног X-Type и так далее.

Если у вас есть больше знаний о почки хотите знать, пожалуйста, посетите наш веб-сайт, или свободно обратиться в интерактивную врачу. Наш сайт является: www.kidney-cure.org

Diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy from the skin condition

Also skin and kidney tissue of our body's metabolism, they have some links to some extent, so we can observe the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy through the skin.

A patient may be diagnosed diabetic nephropathy in accordance skin erythema

Patients with diabetic nephropathy blisters usually appear hurt. Thin wall, which contains transparent slurry bubble around without flush. Under normal circumstances erythema long fingers and toes, back or bottom edge of the hand, foot, and can be in single or multiple appear in a few weeks to heal, but it will appear again.

Second, patients with diabetic nephropathy usually itchy skin condition that

Many of diabetic nephropathy patients with systemic or topical dry skin scaling, itchy. Especially for women with vaginal itching so patients should pay more attention.

Third, the patient can be diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy through daily sweat

Patients with diabetic nephropathy usually appear abnormal sweating conditions, and for the patients themselves, it can be confirmed by this work to diabetic nephropathy, often occur for no reason, sweating, and more common in the upper limbs or trunk, some patients even sweating phenomenon.

Fourth, neck folliculitis

Can appear in the neck occipital pus-like inflammation of prickly heat, there is a sense of tenderness, and the development of boils or cellulitis. After the pus discharge may heal, but not long after will relapse.

Five foot gangrene

Patients can often occur foot pain and temperature sensation disappears, dry and easy to crack, prone to ulcers, suppuration, necrosis, and difficult to heal, or even perforation foot disease.

Finally, to remind everyone that the skin lesions is not a simple skin disease some time, we can not simply look at this problem, if there is abnormal skin aspects of the disease or symptoms, must be timely to the hospital for examination, including blood tests , urine test, diagnose and troubleshoot diabetic nephropathy is the top priority.

If you have more knowledge about kidney want to know, please visit our website, or free to consult our online doctor. Our website is: www.kidney-cure.org

Parents talk about the diagnosis of children with kidney disease

Nephrotic syndrome is a common disease in children during the urinary system. Some children after the onset of the disease repeatedly, prolonged course, seriously affecting the health of children. The disease has four characteristics: ① proteinuria, +++ qualitative and quantitative> 0.1 g / kg body weight / day; ② hypoalbuminemia, serum albumin <30 g / liter; ③ edema; 5 hypercholesterolemia disease (hyperlipidemia), serum cholesterol> 2.2 g / liter.

Nephrotic syndrome, according to the etiology and pathogenesis of age can be divided into three categories: ① congenital nephrotic syndrome; ② primary nephrotic syndrome; ③ secondary nephrotic syndrome, such as secondary to allergic purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, glomerulonephritis, drugs and metal poisoning.

Children with primary nephrotic syndrome has according to clinical manifestations, course and laboratory examination process is divided into two categories, namely simple and nephritis, nephrotic kidney. In addition to the former by the latter with the above-mentioned four clinical features, but also has the following four in one or more abnormal findings. ① red blood cells in the urine over 10 / HPF; ② recurrent hypertension (schoolchildren> 17.3 / 12.0Kpa (130 / 90mmHg), preschoolers> 16.0 / 10.7Kpa (120 / 80mmHg); ③ azotemia, plasma non-protein nitrogen than 35.7mmol / l (500 mg / liter), or urea nitrogen than 10.71mmol / l (300 mg / liter); 4 total blood complement C3 repeatedly reduced or clinically to simple common, accounting. 68.4%; nephritis 31.6%.

Children with nephrotic syndrome by renal biopsy, lesions and progression can be in a variety of pathological changes, but with minimal change in the majority, accounting for 76.4%. In addition, the multi-mesangial proliferative lesions. Pathological classification of nephrotic syndrome treatment options and prognosis may provide some help. Such as small lesions usually simple, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants sensitive; rather small lesions can be expressed as nephritis, often not sensitive to the hormone. Clinically regular enough by corticosteroids after 8 weeks of therapy, the continuous examination of urine protein results in a 3 times a week to determine. Urine protein were overcast for hormone-sensitive, urinary protein (+) - (+) were partially sensitive urinary protein still ≥ (+++) were insensitive.

It is generally believed, nephrotic syndrome is an autoimmune disease, immune-mediated and inflammatory damage plays a major role in the pathogenesis. Under the pathogenic factors causing immune dysfunction in children, cytokine production and immune regulation imbalance caused by glomerular basement membrane damage lesions, resulting in increased permeability, massive proteinuria. Under normal circumstances, daily urine protein little, about 150 mg. However, patients with nephrotic syndrome daily urine protein up to 2 to 20 grams, so nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria is the most important clinical manifestations, and become the most important factor affecting the prognosis of nephrotic syndrome. For this reason, in recent years, focusing on how to control proteinuria, reduce disease recurrence, minimizing the use of hormones and immunosuppressants become a key issue in today's treatment of nephrotic syndrome.

Because a lot of blood in the urine albumin, causing hypoalbuminemia and reduce swelling pressure vessels, fluid water into the interstitial space, the occurrence of edema. Eyelid edema seen in the early morning after, then be spread to the legs, back, abdomen, or even the whole body. Edema is one of the major clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome have a characteristic, and often parents to bring children for treatment reasons.

Hypoalbuminemia and edema caused by hypovolemia, resulting in the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone axis stimulated, cause salt and water retention. That some patients have high blood pressure, oliguria, tachycardia and other symptoms, especially common in patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Therefore, children with nephrotic syndrome edema must be given full attention. Edema is a difficult work but should treat the symptoms. The treatment measures include limiting salt diet and taking diuretics. Pleural effusion, ascites affect breathing and oliguria available furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, or spironolactone. Proteinuria can make all kinds of plasma protein loss, causing metabolic disorders and abnormal functions of several systems, and even the occurrence of various complications. For example hypoalbuminemia itself or swelling associated with low pressure can produce changes in lipid metabolism, with lecithin - cholesterol acyl-converting enzyme from the urine, resulting in hypercholesterolemia, and then make the proportion of different types of lipoproteins and activity change, prone to cause injury and glomerular endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular disease risks become.

Because urinary protein excretion and changes in protein synthesis, so that the body of coagulation factors and anticoagulant factors out of balance, clotting factor Ⅱ, increased Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅹ level, clotting mechanism of the body, platelet activity, thrombolytic process disorders. Therefore, the blood of children with nephrotic syndrome in a hypercoagulable state, belonging to high-risk pathological thrombosis.

With urinary protein loss but also have a variety of other proteins, will cause the corresponding results, such as vitamin D-binding globulin is lost, resulting in abnormal metabolism of vitamin D and calcium, vitamin D deficiency, affecting bone development in children. Lack of thyroid-binding globulin and albumin cause thyroid dysfunction, thereby affecting the growth and development of children.

Minimal change nephrotic syndrome in children prone to bacterial infections. The reason is that a large number of immune globulin in the urine resulting in reduced immune defenses; plus edema prone to skin damage, so easy to invasive pathogens. Bacterial infections, pneumonia cocci, gram-negative bacilli have (such as E. coli) infection. Common respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin type erysipelas and primary peritonitis.  susceptible to viral infection in children, especially corticosteroids and immunosuppressants accept the treatment process, such as concurrent chicken pox, measles, herpes zoster time, indicating serious condition.

If you have a need to know more kidney-related knowledge, please visit our website, or free to consult our online doctor. Our website is: www.kidney-cure.org

What are the symptoms of kidney poor women do?

Probably some of the symptoms of kidney poor women, mainly in the following aspects:

Chills: refers to the cold and the wind and feeling fear. "Limbs" means limbs cold hands and feet, and even cold to the elbow, knee symptoms. "Chills" is often accompanied by waist and knee pain, fatigue God lying, less gas lazy words, light thirsty mouth and other kidney diseases.

Asthma: kidney function Carolina gas. Not because of kidney qi, can cause shortness of breath, wheezing, respiratory more smoke less, so that you find it difficult to breathe carefree. Under severe cases, breathing may also occur along with aggravated asthma, cold sweat and other symptoms.

Low back pain: low back pain lies in the kidney, can be divided into internal injuries and strain. Kidney generally refers to the inherent internal injuries, caused by excessive Jiubingtixu or fatigue. Light it difficult to bend or erect, severe heel pain, lower back fatigue embolism; strain refers to the physical burden is too heavy, or long-term work in the same fixed position (using a computer, driving, etc.), as long as kidney damage, resulting in essence deficiency.

Constipation: constipation bowel problems often arise due to anal fissure, hemorrhoids embolism, affecting work, life miserable. Although part of the large intestine constipation conduction dysfunction, but its root cause is due to kidney deficiency caused, because the kidney opens into two yin, the main two stools, stool conduction through the kidney must function properly in order to stimulate and nourish.

Backache, leg pain, urinary urgency: a long stiff invariably sat in the car, plus a car nervousness over time and eventually lead to the formation of kidney qi stagnation.

Dizziness, tinnitus: Many people have experienced the feeling of dizziness, kind eyes grow dim, dizzy, nausea and vomiting, taste and feel good, but patients often accompanied by dizziness, tinnitus sound, hinder the hearing, long continue, and even lead to deafness. Cause dizziness, tinnitus associated with multiple liver. Chinese perspective "kidney essence marrow, marrow and brain poly", so can cause kidney marrow deficiency, brain failure has raised, dizziness, ringing in the ears.

Dizziness, weakness insomnia: kidney as one of the important organs of the body to nourish and inviting the other organs, if other organs long illness, it is easy to hurt the kidneys. Many chronic diseases such as chronic hepatitis, coronary heart disease, bronchial asthma, high blood pressure patients, often accompanied by symptoms of kidney deficiency.

Kidney for women's health is very important, is a part of the kidney can not be ignored. Cherish the good way is to pay attention to the kidneys daily nutrition, attention to exercise. Must eat breakfast, but also to add some water to drink plenty of water.

If you have a need to know more kidney-related knowledge, please visit our website, or free to consult our online doctor. Our website is: www.kidney-cure.org

Teach you see from the urine of kidney good

In European and American countries, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy in the majority, most patients are elderly. In China, the first onset of glomerulonephritis, chronic kidney disease, also contributed to the first cause of end-stage renal failure. In Shanghai, for example, there are about 11,000 dialysis patients, 53% -55% are caused by glomerulonephritis. The patients of this disease, seven or eight young people in Chengdu, distressing.

Kidney bad signal to your attention yet

1, urinate

Kidney disease so rampant, can not help worrying, then how they knew that they kidneys really good? To kidneys Well, first of all, "stare" to live his own urine. If the urine bubble suddenly increases, do not disappear, indicating that more protein excretion in the urine; if abnormal urine color, color was tea, soy sauce, such as color or opacity when Taomi should pay attention to the hospital as soon as possible checks.

Ferret out the best way to kidney disease, is a urine test. Generally no unusual circumstances, most people should be regularly checked once a year urine. Cardiovascular disease, chronic anemia who are older and often bone headache, people prone to fracture, infection after repeated high doses of antibiotics, should be checked every six months. If there is no family history of high blood pressure at a young age, but also a number of mind. Because hypertension may be suffering from kidney disease when young, and one of the typical characteristics of early. Frequent backache, eyelids, dorsal, and even ankle edema, anemia, or it may indicate kidney dysfunction.

2, edema

The kidney is the organ of the body of water metabolism, kidney bad, the water will accumulate. Some people found the morning eyelid edema, or legs, swollen legs, should consider the kidney.

3, nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms

Development of end-stage kidney disease will affect gastrointestinal function, leading to nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and other symptoms, and therefore have the performance, in addition to gastroenterology, but also pay attention to rule out kidney disease.

4, pruritus

Patients with end-stage renal disease, and because the body can not be discharged through the urine urea will be excreted through the skin, thereby stimulating the skin; in addition, the accumulation of toxins in the body can cause peripheral neuropathy, can cause itchy skin.

Kidney is very important in our body organ, it also seriously affect our physical health. Have a healthy kidney, usually must be done nursing, following a good way to teach you seven in renal care.

Best secret in renal care

Maintain a healthy lifestyle

Diet should be light, reducing salt intake, daily salt intake

Weight control

Risk in obese patients suffering from chronic kidney disease is 3 to 4 times normal-weight patients. For obese patients to control excessive calorie intake, doing physical exercise, keeping weight steady decline, do not blindly go on a diet to avoid excessive weight loss caused by malnutrition, anorexia nervosa and other diseases, especially weight-loss drug abuse should not blindly avoid kidney damage.

Kidney damage caused by drugs with caution

To take a closer look at the treatment of diseases manual, most drugs are labeled if there is renal toxicity or contraindications psychosis, to avoid long-term use of nephrotoxic drugs. Certain antibiotics more analgesics (such as aspirin, ibuprofen, indomethacin, etc.) a variety of vascular contrast agents, and certain herbs (eg manshuriensis fangchi tripterygium etc.) can cause kidney damage, should be used with caution.

Control of blood pressure levels

For patients with hypertension, blood pressure control plays an important role in the prevention of hypertensive nephropathy. If the blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg or more, you should comply with the doctor's instructions regular use of antihypertensive drugs, medication and must be under the guidance of professional doctors, not without stopping, to prevent serious diseases such as heart, brain and kidney.

Correct uric acid metabolism

Uric acid is a product of purine metabolism, urate deposition in the kidneys can lead to kidney disease, so to actively correct. For patients have hyperuricemia need to limit high-purine diet, avoid eating animal organs seafood hot pot of beer, a limited selection of foods low in purines. Appropriate exercise prevent gout attacks, but strenuous exercise is easy to induce gout. Appropriate choice of drug.

If you have a need to know more kidney-related knowledge, please visit our website, or free to consult our online doctor. Our website is: www.kidney-cure.org

Hypoglycemic, do not forget to protect the liver and kidney function

   In the course of hypoglycemic medication, and not pay attention to long-term plan, ignoring the side effects of drugs, most likely forced impaired kidney function while in hypoglycemic. Thus, in the course of the treatment of diabetes, must be "comprehensive consideration, comprehensive treatment."

Hypoglycemic Myth: only the immediate future regardless

2010 "issued by the National Diabetes epidemiological survey" shows that the number of diabetes in China is about 9240 million, the figure is three times in 2002. But more seriously, pre-diabetes prevalence rate as high as 15.5%, which estimated national prevalence of about 148 million pre-diabetic people. However, the current state of diabetes prevention worrying.

November 14 this year will mark the 23 World Diabetes Day, the theme of "protecting our future." Chinese Diabetes Society will be chairman, Third Affiliated Hospital, vice president Professor Weng Jianping introduction, diabetes has entered the era of individualized treatment, the latest idea is no longer to hypoglycemic single goal, and liver and kidney function must be considered low variety of factors glucose, weight gain, cardiovascular risk, economical cost.

However, many doctors and patients are not aware of it. Clinically, Weng Yuanzhang had a lot of admissions, "only the immediate, regardless of the future" cases. For example, blood glucose and insulin twelve days to put down, but absolutely no consideration β cell function in patients; blood sugar rapidly compliance, but did not take into account the risk of hypoglycemia and liver and kidney function; some patients upon diagnosis, use of three hypoglycemic remind medicine ...... Weng Jianping, treatment of diabetes is not a day or two things, but even decades of protracted ten years, if not fully consider, too much emphasis on hypoglycemic, most likely at the same time forced hypoglycemic liver and kidney dysfunction.

Elderly patients are more to be "special" treatment

It is understood that the 2010 update of the "Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Guide" made it clear that the goal should be individualized glycemic control, should be set up for different patients different control objectives are to improve the control would be beneficial to patients with any indicators, and will reduce related risk factors lead to the risk of complications.

Professor Weng Jianping that for different diabetes patients, especially elderly patients, obese patients, the combined high cholesterol, kidney dysfunction, but should adopt different treatment options, only a single, lower blood sugar target is unable to meet the patient individual treatment needs. For example, the traditional antidiabetic metformin effective and inexpensive, but 90 percent of its metabolites excreted by the kidneys, diabetic nephropathy itself is likely to increase the burden on the kidneys taken.

While the larger and older with diabetes have been consolidated in terms of cardiovascular disease, hypoglycemia harm more serious than high blood sugar, prone to cardiovascular accidents, and even lead to shock and death. Therefore, to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia is a problem of elderly patients with diabetes need to be vigilant. To this end, a number of diabetes prevention guidelines recommend that patients with DPP-4 inhibitors and other new drugs in lowering blood sugar at the same time, prevent hypoglycemia, cardiovascular risk and weight gain, reducing the burden on the liver and kidney.

Visible, diabetes drug selection is very careful, not just glucose only.

"Full consideration" concept needs to popularity

China on the current situation in terms of prevention and treatment of diabetes, diabetic patients how to choose the right treatment under the guidance of the concept of a drug has become a problem to be faced. The treatment of diabetes and lifestyle interventions should be multi-pronged drug therapy. Weng Jianping pointed out that in the treatment of diabetes, must take "full consideration, comprehensive management" treatment philosophy, concerned about the effectiveness of drugs, we should also pay attention to drug safety, protect the liver and kidney function and economic costs of drug therapy problems.

It is noteworthy that most of antidiabetic drugs, including drugs, including usually metabolized by the liver, through the renal clearance, so at the same time lowering blood sugar, liver and kidney function will be affected to varying degrees and even damaged. If kidney function in diabetic patients, once damaged, taking hypoglycemic agents would need to adjust the dose, or even to avoid using certain after liver or kidney metabolism of drugs.

Weng Jianping pointed out that regular follow patients is very important, so that the doctor promptly and appropriately adjust the treatment plan, try to use the most efficacy and minimal side effects of the drug.

If you have other kidney problems need to know, please consult our website, or our online doctor consultation for free, our website is: www.kidney-cure.org

Yogurt can reduce the risk of diabetes

Recently, a new Harvard University study showed that long-term adherence yogurt can help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. The researchers also pointed out that this does not mean that you can completely prevent diabetes yogurt, reasonable diet and weight control is most important.

The researchers believe that, in addition to the benefits of calcium, magnesium and other elements brought probiotic yogurt also helps to improve the intestinal environment, reduce inflammation and regulate the hormones related to appetite control, which may reduce their risk of diabetes reasons for disease risk.

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The study found more sun and less diabetes

Many benefits of the sun. Western Australia 珀斯特拉松 Children's Institute, University of Edinburgh and the University of Southampton researchers found that moderate exposure to sunlight irradiation process can help delay the onset of obesity and diabetes.

The research team to overeat UV irradiation mice to mimic the effect of sunlight. Experimental results show that these mice develop diabetes risk factors (abnormal blood sugar levels and insulin resistance) a downward trend. Researchers there ultraviolet treatment of diabetic rats risks played a useful role attributed to nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a compound in the skin exposed to the sun would naturally released. Nitric oxide-containing cream, the effect of direct exposure to ultraviolet radiation is similar when the researchers gave the mice on the skin of these mice blotted out. The study also found that nitric oxide can help lower blood pressure. After that, scientists in experiments on humans were also found in a similar situation. This suggests that the sun to reduce the risk of diabetes has positive benefits.

Published in the "Journal of Diabetes Science" on the results of this study suggest that because the skin caused by contact with sunlight to release nitric oxide is not only good for the heart and vascular health, but also beneficial to the body's metabolism regulatory function, therefore, usually people should be more to walk outdoors, especially the elderly, the sun on the health boost. It also provides a new direction for the prevention of diabetes.

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Diabetic nephropathy "details" revelation

Diabetic nephropathy is second only to cancer, cardiovascular disease the third largest killer of humans, it's "a little" symptoms are familiar to people. But before clinical symptoms appear obvious these diabetic nephropathy, some people often ignore. Patients with diabetic nephropathy, if not pay attention, it may be adversely affected by the disease.

(1) A middle-aged woman genital itching for some time now, genital itching, the result is the treatment of fungal vaginitis. She used over a variety of suppositories, lotions and other anti-fungal medication, but the symptoms are itching unabated. In desperation she went to Friendship Hospital for treatment of gynecological test results so that the patient was shocked, her blood sugar two hours after a meal actually have three plus, further diagnosed as type 2 diabetic nephropathy. So Tip one: middle-aged women, if Persistent genital itching, diabetic nephropathy may wish to do inspections.

(2) a middle-aged male patients with pruritus although lean physique, but feel healthy disease-free, but in recent years, suffering from intractable pruritus, eat a variety of medications and topical liniment desensitization, still no improvement. He then went to the hospital to find his fasting blood sugar is very high. It turned out he's itching because of suffering from diabetic nephropathy, the long dry skin caused by dehydration. Kidney disease, experts say, the elderly unexplained itching, you should first rule out the possibility of diabetic nephropathy after symptomatic treatment.

(3) A 17-year-old Anhui alopecia nanny, which is bushy this age, but she Shudan dry hair, head bare scalp, hair loss after each bath is everywhere. After checking diabetic test strips, the little nanny actually suffering from absolute reduction of insulin secretion in type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Hair loss occurs mainly because of diabetic nephropathy caused by long-term malnutrition alopecia.

Expert Advice: Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complications of diabetes, such as the condition of long-term treatment is not controlled, can lead to a variety of complications, such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, renal insufficiency, early detection and treatment of diabetic nephropathy and therefore particularly important .

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IgA nephritis need protein to replenish it?

IgA nephropathy in the diet should pay attention to high-quality low-protein diet, while soybeans and soy foods contain high protein, vegetable protein and belong, so IgA nephritis patients in the consumption of soy and soy products, should be prescribed with caution best ; otherwise IgA nephritis patients think: uremic patients can not eat protein is beneath science. Physicians can be made to measure kidney disease IgA nephritis, depending on the patient guidance.

IgA nephritis patients can quickly eat soy protein supplement?

Generally believed: IgA nephritis patients should quality low-protein diet, this diet principles include two meanings:

1, IgA nephritis patients intake of protein to be "less"; 2, IgA nephritis patients should eat "high quality" protein. Said the aim is to reduce the intake of low-quality protein increased risk of kidney burden, but also complement the body's nutritional needs for protein. Generally considered: the high protein content of soybeans and soy foods, on the other hand because of its protein is a plant protein, low-quality protein, essential amino acids contained less protein, IgA nephritis patients with excessive intake will increase nitrogen quality hyperlipidemia, thereby increasing the patient's condition IgA nephritis. IgA nephritis patients selection of food supplement animal protein such as lean meat, fish, chicken and so on.

IgA nephritis patients with renal failure can not eat protein?

Some people think: After entering IgA nephritis kidney failure, kidney detoxification capacity declined significantly, more leakage of protein, then eat protein only increase the burden on the kidneys, this idea is not scientific. IgA nephritis development even during the worst - uremia, still advocates eating high-quality low-protein diet, ie less than 20 grams of protein per day for adults.

IgA nephritis patients must not fasting proteins: IgA nephritis uremic patients during dialysis (especially peritoneal dialysis), daily consumption of protein requires more; IgA nephritis patients with nephrotic syndrome due to the loss of a lot of protein in urine, plasma protein is low, and who better renal function, advocates eating high protein diet, daily intake of 90-100 grams of protein, otherwise, hypoalbuminemia not corrected, easy edema subsided, body resistance necessarily bad, it is very detrimental to the patient ; IgA nephritis patients have blood were significantly higher quality of nitrogen, protein intake without restrictions is wrong, because it can accelerate renal function deterioration in patients with IgA nephritis.

Here to remind IgA nephritis patients: patients with IgA nephritis severity of each different specific patient specific treatment, IgA nephritis patients in the end how much protein should be consumed daily, best decided by renal physician.

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Prognosis of IgA nephritis

The disease may have spontaneous remission, or about 4% to 20%. Each year, about 1% to 2% of patients with end-stage renal failure to enter. Statistical life-table analysis showed 10-year graft survival was 80% to 90%. Eventually developed into uremia estimate about 35%. The rest is sustained hematuria or proteinuria. Poor prognosis factors: namely the onset of renal insufficiency, proteinuria than 1.5g / d, high blood pressure and no gross hematuria; biopsy glomerular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, glomerular capillary was violations, diffuse proliferative and diffuse crescent formation.



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Non-standard medication can cause recurrence of nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is caused by a variety of reasons, and the reasons for relapse of nephrotic syndrome, there are many, because the nephrotic syndrome is not a disease but a group of glomerular disease syndrome. Here we look at the causes of nephrotic syndrome relapse what.

A medication is the cause of nephrotic syndrome is not standardized recurrence. Some family members of patients with nephrotic syndrome, self-assertion, shorten the course, once the swelling disappeared, proteinuria disappeared disable the hormone on their own, or change clothes medicine. This approach very easily lead to relapse, so, nephrotic syndrome and their families must Jinzun doctor told, according to the doctor's request, to take medication.

2, experts said, the relationship between relapse and antigenic leukocyte nephrotic syndrome, found that patients with certain HLA's easy to relapse, and this antigen is the genetically determined, that is a congenital form, can not be changed , which is destined to bear the pain of those children may be long-term repeated recurrence.

3, because of recurrence of nephrotic syndrome also include long-term heavy use of prednisone: If long-term use of prednisone in patients with nephrotic syndrome, their adrenal cortical atrophy phenomenon will appear, therefore, no longer after stopping hormone secretion, caused by lack of the body's own hormones, in this case likely to relapse of nephrotic syndrome, careless also attracted terrible adrenal crisis.

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Elevated serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen level of significance

In the diagnosis of kidney disease, kidney patients are usually able to read the situation proteinuria and hematuria. Check assays for kidney renal function tests such as serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen lift significance, uric acid and other indicators do not understand. For elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen index case, corresponding to the patient's kidneys have any questions? Below for you to do a detailed answer.
Serum creatinine (Scr) is muscle phosphocreatine hydrolysis produced. Normal adult creatinine generation rate is relatively stable, males per 24 hours to about 20 mg per kg body weight, about 15 mg of women, at the same speed double creatinine renal clearance. Glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine, not to renal metabolism, renal tubular absorption does not return, but can excrete part of tubular creatinine excretion is proportional to the concentration of serum creatinine, renal proximal tubule by active transport process organic cation secretion of creatinine some drugs can inhibit the secretion, such as: cimetidine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and probenecid. Multi creatinine alkaline picric acid method or biochemical detected, normal is less than 132.6 micromoles / liter, it was considered only in people, pregnant women and bedridden person, or the body's capacity is reduced due to muscle positive nitrogen balance (pregnant) in the blood serum creatinine concentration decreased production was reduced, even normal value should be less than 88.4 micromoles / liter. When the glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 ml per minute, will be elevated serum creatinine, creatinine to infer with glomerular filtration rate, specificity 100%, sensitivity of 60%, ie serum creatinine elevated glomerular filtration rate is certainly lower than normal; serum creatinine were often the finishing touch to their normal glomerular filtration rate may also be reduced. As with the reciprocal of serum creatinine (eg: 884 micromoles / upgraded to 10 mg / one hundred milliliters its countdown of 10 ml / min) to estimate the glomerular filtration rate, then, due to the small tube drainage and overrated.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a human protein metabolism end products. The liver is the main organ to form urea. Generated depends on the amount of urea in vivo protein intake diet, tissue protein catabolism and liver function. Urea is mainly excreted by the kidneys, a small part of the discharge through the skin by sweat, every 24 hours by renal excretion of urea from 10 to 30 grams. All blood urea from the glomerular filtration, under normal circumstances about 30% to 40% by tubular reabsorption; tubules can also be a small amount of urea excretion, increased excretion punish renal failure. Although the determination of when the blood urea nitrogen can react glomerular filtration rate team, but glomerular filtration rate must drop to more than half the normal finishing touch, urea nitrogen will increase. Its normal 2.9 to 7.5 mmol / L, urea nitrogen levels affected by many factors, the impact of such infections, fever, dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, eating Kang protein meal and other factors; and low-protein diet or not eating for a long time or drinking a lot of urination, blood urea nitrogen levels decreased. Therefore, urea nitrogen in terms of estimated glomerular filtration function that is not sensitive nor accurate.

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By identifying renal blood urea nitrogen

What is the blood urea nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen check what is the point?

Urea is the major end products of nitrogen metabolism in human proteins. Deamination of amino acids to produce NH3, and C02, both urea synthesis in the liver, metabolism of urea per gram of protein 0.3g. Urea nitrogen content of 28/60, almost half. Renal excretion of urea is usually the main organ of urea from the glomerular filtration can be reabsorbed in the tubules of each segment, but renal tubular reabsorption of urine flow rate, the faster the less, that reached a maximum clearance. And serum creatinine, as in early renal dysfunction, blood urea nitrogen in the normal range. When the glomerular filtration rate dropped to 50 percent below normal, blood urea nitrogen concentration was increased rapidly.

Under normal circumstances, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine ratio (BUN / Scr) value of about 10, high-protein diet, high catabolic state, water shortages, renal ischemia, hypovolemia, and some acute glomerulonephritis, are The ratio can increase, even up to 20 to 30; and a low-protein diet, liver disease often makes ratio decreased, then you can be called low azotemia.

BUN normal adult fasting for 3.2-7.1mmol / L (9-20mg / d1). Various renal parenchymal lesions, such as glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, acute and chronic renal failure, kidney disease and destructive footprint can make blood urea nitrogen increased. Multi-renal factors may also cause elevated blood urea nitrogen, and external factors such as to exclude one kidney, BUN), 21.4mmol / L (60mg / d1) is the diagnostic criteria uremia.

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Mistakes! "Kidney" not against "kidney injury"

All over the world advertising propaganda "10 men and nine virtual", "fatigue is a kidney," "kidney kidney would" make a lot of middle-aged man struggling livelihoods always feel empty. In order to obtain the point of psychological comfort, many people buy kidney medicine to eat. So, to the middle would have to get kidney it? Originally people do not need to eat kidney kidney medicine, not only can not be up on nutrients, but also to the organ adding to the burden of detoxification.

Myth # 1: regardless of yin and yang tonic chaos

The main concept of TCM kidney from a functional perspective, covering a number of physiological functions of the body's reproductive, urinary, neurological, endocrine, respiratory, bone and other tissues and organs. The kidney Chinese medicine from the Western point of view it is difficult to understand, kidney anatomy concept of Western medicine only from the perspective of the kidney.

Regardless of "yin" or "yang" blind kidney approach is wrong. Kidney points kidney (cold), deficiency (dry mouth and throat easy to get angry), kidney deficiency (energy is not enough, nocturnal enuresis), lack of essence (easy hair loss and weak sperm), yin and yang (also cold fear of heat) five types.

Chinese medicine has always emphasized that the body's yin and yang balance, if the "yin" and "yang" or "yang" and "yin" would undermine the body balance, worse. For example, people who eat kidney Jinkuishenqiwan not right, because this drug is yang, deficiency of suitable people. Therefore, Chinese medicine "kidney", we must first syndrome.

Myth # 2: you eat Liuweidihuangwan

Liu sexual function is not very good, he heard a friend say that eating a Liuweidihuangwan effect is quite good, so also according to side fill a prescription, condition worsen after eating the results. Why does this happen? Because the drug is recommended to him that person is yin and yang, he is a card, although the symptoms of the same sex is not good, but the disease is not the same machine, as well as the usual stomach is not good, relatively cold. So eat Yin Liuweidihuangwan stool after more bad, is typical of the wrong medicine.

Not everyone is suitable to eat this drug. But people taking kidney Liuweidihuangwan perhaps it would be better. Red tongue, little coating or without coating, rapid pulse of the people may be kidney, here we must note that thick white fur people that the body may have phlegm, phlegm cleared first and then see if the dialectical can Liuweidihuangwan.

If you really do not understand, it is best to find a regular hospital practitioners, make his pulse to see if suitable for taking Liuweidihuangwan.

Myth # 3: "kidney" is the impotence

Middle-aged men are mistaken for kidney drug is "aphrodisiac", that one eat on the soul. "Virtual" main function is low, the result of nutritional deficiencies. Kidney exhibit hypothyroidism and kidney-related. For example, the brain is slow to respond, not long stature, sexual dysfunction, easy to fracture, nocturnal enuresis, urinary wait any longer, Yaotuisuanruan so on. These are also middle-aged common situation, but it can not be generalized, where the above symptoms it is certainly due to kidney deficiency.

So, a lot of middle-aged to find a doctor for help on how to resolve sexual dysfunction, and strongly suggests that the requirements of the kidney, asked whether to eat seahorses, penises, deer, Epimedium and other impotence drugs. In fact, carefully investigate their condition, mostly psychological stress, such as caused by overwork. Therefore, to face such callers, responsible doctor is not an exaggeration to give him a kidney drugs.

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Nephropathy: no protein and more protein Mistakes

Wang aunt neighbor fifties year, since being diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, the strict control of protein intake, only vegetarian, do not eat meat, do not eat soy products is a mouthful, like this, she insisted for a while "No-protein diet," not only did not improve the results of the disease, but a daily weight loss, the body has become increasingly frail, was taken to hospital last family. After doctors understand the disease, pointing out that the king's aunt's diet is not correct, kidney patients need is a "low-protein, protein restriction" instead of "no protein" diet.

Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital director Dr. Zhang Shengrong Nephrology introduced protein loss is more important chronic nephritis feature, since the loss of large amounts of protein in the urine, often induced hypoproteinemia and severe edema, and even can not use a lot of diuretics make edema. Therefore, the protection of renal function has become the central issue, which is particularly important to control diet. Zhang introduced nephritis patients now know to control the diet, especially protein intake, but exactly how to control it? Some patients with nephropathy due to a thorough understanding of not, there has been "no protein" and "multi-protein" diet of two errors.

"No protein" diet refers to the number of patients being diagnosed with chronic kidney disease after the start control protein diet, usually only a vegetarian, does not eat meat. Hope that by virtue of "protein-free diet" to control the disease, the result is often the condition does not improve, but every day lean body increasingly frail. Zhang said, "no protein" diet will not help on the treatment of kidney disease can also cause malnutrition, low immunity, infection, worse. In contrast, some patients with chronic nephritis think will lose a lot of urine protein, and turn to diet, followed a variety of protein-rich foods, in order to supplement the loss of protein in the urine. Results of excessive protein intake, increased the burden on the kidneys, is not conducive to the protection of renal function.

Zhang suggested that kidney patients to choose high-quality low-protein diet. In general: How much protein intake should refer the patient's serum creatinine clearance and endogenous anhydride. The higher serum creatinine levels, lower endogenous creatinine clearance rate, the more stringent control of protein intake. Protein is an important nutrient, the body can not do without, especially the essential amino acids that the body can not synthesize their own foreign intake must therefore be adequate intake of essential amino acids, more high-quality protein. Diet should minimize vegetable protein, vegetable protein is mainly crude protein, crude protein relative multiple metabolic waste, and can increase the burden on the kidneys. Renal failure patients should generally be limited to eating soy products, appropriate restrictions on staple foods such as rice in general, because rice (except wheat starch) contains certain vegetable protein, may be appropriate to add milk, eggs, eat a little fish, lean meat and other animal protein (contains essential amino acids, high-quality protein). Especially in the milk, egg protein is appropriate. High-quality low-protein diet can effectively reduce the burden on the kidneys, to create conditions for the treatment of chronic kidney disease, the treatment effect will be better and faster.


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Renal cysts treated?

Renal cysts are more common in everyday life, many patients because a thorough understanding and blind choice of treatment, which led to the aggravation of the disease, renal cystic disease then exactly how to heal?

1. drug treatment

This is a lot of drug therapy in patients with sick time will think of, but to take medicines, this is just for the early patients, but also to adhere to medication, medication can not be blindly choose, if the illness is severe, medication is just starting to alleviate the condition, inhibiting the disease, the patient can not rely on drugs, shall take any other treatment.

2. If necessary, surgery

Renal cystic disease how to heal? For patients with more severe renal cysts, and that this can be taken to surgery, but it should be noted that surgical treatment, which is applicable only to unilateral renal cysts in patients with a single kidney cyst under normal circumstances, can be done in-guided aspiration and to the capsule, injection drug to treat. Surgery to remove only when necessary, after all, a rare case of cystic kidney damage.

3. Diet therapy

Under normal circumstances the diet as a means of adjuvant therapy, the effect is quite good, but for different patients, diet must be reasonable choice, should eat foods containing high quality protein, pay attention to add high-fiber, high food and cellulose low-fat, adequate-sugar diet. Avoid spicy, salty, greasy, fried and unhealthy diet, medical care and make a referral compliance.

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Iga nephritis treatment grasp four "should"

First, the patient should prevent infection

Patients should actively prevent infection, as the respiratory tract, skin, fungal diseases such as flu, when inflammation occurs, should actively take measures for treatment, once presented inflammation, infection, active treatment.

Second, patients should pay attention to diet nursed back to health

During the treatment of IgA nephropathy, patients should work to strengthen the nursing diet in the diet to meet their nutritional premise, try not to burden the kidneys dietary purposes. Try to eat in the diet for kidney bland food.

Third, patients should pay more attention to work and rest a friend

For patients with IgA nephropathy should try not to overwork, violent sport, so you can make the urine increases, caused serious injury to the patient, it should be done living with restraint, attention bed rest, moderate exercise, staying up late to prevent excessive fatigue and violent movement.

Fourth, patients should pay attention to physical recuperation

Where patients suffering from hematuria, and varying degrees of physical panic, depression and pessimism. Therefore, in everyday life, we should always pay attention to the words and deeds, panic, shouting, etc. will increase the patient's anxiety and fear, it is very important to restore the body. To minimize the adverse physical stimulation for patients adhere mood Earned facilitate rehabilitation of the disease.

Treatment of IgA nephropathy, a good grasp of four "should"! So, remind kidney patients and family members of patients, as well as to attach great importance to kidney disease, aggressive treatment, they can not be too impatient, be patient adherence to treatment, until complete recovery.

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During the treatment of kidney disease in intensive care

Kidney disease treatment, protection of life is very important, one should always pay attention to climate change, keep warm and cold, especially the indoor temperature should be suitable clothing should be warm, cold make renal artery spasm, increased renal ischemia state induced deterioration of renal function generates. It should also be more attention to personal hygiene, bathing, keep the skin clean, reduce the incidence of pyoderma. In addition, attention should improve immunity, in spring and autumn to prevent respiratory infections, as well as angina, tonsillitis and other respiratory diseases, kidney disease to avoid recurrence.

If the patient before the disease had been infected with chronic lesions, such as tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis, dental caries, tooth abscess, vinegar, thorough treatment as soon as possible. If acute kidney infection, recurrent or chronic nephritis and other infections are directly related to the use of antibiotics should be timely and thorough treatment, generally available intramuscular injection of penicillin. The best herbal decoction with detoxification therapy to increasing immunity, infection prevention purposes.

Thus, in the course of kidney disease treatment, we must pay attention to their own resynchronization therapy other infectious diseases, and to give adequate attention in the treatment process, close attention to the impact of infectious diseases on the kidney to produce in order to effectively protect kidney treatment progress made in the course of reducing the risk of recurrence and repeated.

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Complications inventory nephrotic syndrome

(1) infection: Because of the loss of a large number of immune globulin from the urine, plasma protein reduced the impact of antibody formation. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and application of cytotoxic drugs, so that patients with systemic resistance decreased, prone to infection, such as skin infections, primary peritonitis, respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and even induce sepsis.

(2) coronary heart disease: patients often have hyperlipidemia and hypercoagulability nephrotic syndrome, and therefore prone to coronary heart disease. It was reported that patients with nephrotic syndrome, the incidence of myocardial infarction eight times higher than normal. Coronary heart disease has become the third cause of death in the nephrotic syndrome factors (after infection and renal failure).

(3) thrombosis: nephrotic syndrome patients prone to blood clots, especially in membranous nephropathy incidence of up to 25% to 40%. Reasons for the formation of blood clots edema, less patient activity, venous stasis, high cholesterol, blood viscosity increases so concentrated, high levels of fibrinogen and v, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, x factor increases and the use of adrenal hormones and blood-prone hypercoagulable status.

(4) with acute renal failure: patients with nephrotic syndrome due to massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, body often in hypovolemic and hypercoagulable state? District vomit, diarrhea, when the use of antihypertensive drugs and diuretics large number of diuretic, can make a sharp reduction in renal blood perfusion, thus reducing the glomerular filtration rate, leading to acute renal failure. Furthermore, nephrotic syndrome and renal interstitial edema, tube blockage formation of tubular protein concentrate and other factors can also cause acute renal failure.

(5) electrolyte and metabolic disorders: Repeated or prolonged use of diuretics unreasonable ban salt, can make patients with nephrotic syndrome secondary to hyponatremia; use of adrenal corticosteroids and diuretics lead to a lot urinate a lot, if not promptly fill potassium, prone to hypokalemia.

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Nephrotic syndrome and the diseases easily confused

Diagnosis of primary nephrotic syndrome, we must first and secondary nephrotic syndrome differentiated. Common clinical shall identify the disease secondary to nephrotic syndrome are the following:

1. nephritis patients with rash, purpura, arthralgia, abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea and other performance characteristics, but also the characteristics of nephritis hematuria, proteinuria, edema, hypertension and so on. If purpura characterized by atypical, often misdiagnosed as primary nephrotic syndrome. The disease is often associated with an early increase in serum IgA. Diffuse mesangial proliferative renal biopsy is a common pathology, immunopathology is mainly IgA and C3 deposits, it is not difficult to identify.

2. lupus nephritis is more common in the 20 to 40 year-old female, many patients have fever, rash and joint pain, serum antinuclear antibody, anti-ds-DNA, anti-SM antibodies, complement C3 decreased renal biopsy light microscopy in addition to mesangial hyperplasia, the lesions characteristic diversity. Immunopathology was "full house."

3. diabetic nephropathy patients prone to diabetes for more than 10 years, can be expressed as nephrotic syndrome. Fundus examination microvascular change. Renal biopsy shows thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and mesangial matrix, typical damage for Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules. Renal biopsy can confirm the diagnosis.

The hepatitis B virus associated nephritis with nephrotic syndrome virus confirmed viremic serum, kidney biopsy found free of hepatitis B virus antigen components.

5.Wegner nose and granulomatous inflammation, pneumonia, three characteristics of necrotizing glomerular disease-oriented necrotizing sinuses. Clinical features of renal damage is Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis or nephrotic syndrome. Serum γ-globulin, IgG, IgA increased.

6. Early amyloid nephropathy can only proteinuria, usually after 3 to 5 years nephrotic syndrome, serum γ-globulin increased, heart, liver, splenomegaly, skin serum γ-globulin lichen-like myxoid edema, diagnosed rely on biopsy.

7. malignancy nephrotic syndrome nephrotic syndrome can be caused by a variety of malignant tumors by the immune system, and even for the early clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome. Therefore, nephrotic syndrome patients should do a comprehensive examination to exclude malignancy.

8. after renal transplantation relapse after kidney transplant kidney transplant nephropathy syndrome recurrence rate of about 10 percent, usually after 1 week to 25 months, proteinuria, recipients often severe nephrotic syndrome and six months to 10 years, the loss of the transplanted kidney.

9. drug-induced nephrotic syndrome organic gold, mercury, D- penicillamine, captopril (captopril), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are causing nephrotic syndrome (such as membranous nephropathy) reported. It should be noted medication history, timely withdrawal may cause remission.
10. The human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIV-AN) is a kidney complications in patients with AIDS, more common in early HIV infection, before other serious infections. According to whether patients with HIV risk factors (such as intravenous drug abuse, homosexuality, HIV-prone areas and populations), early detection of HIV testing and anti-HIV antibodies, combined with other clinical manifestations of HIV (such as asymptomatic infection, persistent lymph node enlargement, secondary tumors) can contribute to the diagnosis of HIV-AN. Combined with kidney disease and proteinuria in patients with nephrotic syndrome syndrome range, especially for the short-term possibility of renal disease in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis deterioration should think. The pathological features of HIV-AN is: global or segmental glomerular capillary wall contraction and collapse, accompanied by significant podocyte proliferation; light microscope as long as any one of the glomeruli were global collapse or 20% above showed segmental glomerular collapse of the disease should be considered; electron microscope HIV-AN glomerular endothelial cells, white blood cells in the interstitial mesh tubes have a lot of inclusions (present in 80% to 90% of HIV -AN patients) to help establish the diagnosis.

11. mixed connective tissue disease patients with renal impairment have both systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and polymyositis or dermatomyositis mixed performance of the three diseases, but not one disease diagnosed, and more can be detected in serum high titers of anti-RNP antibodies, anti-SM antibody negative serum complement almost normal. Only about 5% of renal damage, mainly as proteinuria and hematuria, nephrotic syndrome may also occur, with normal renal function, renal biopsy pathology mostly mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis or membranous nephropathy. Glucocorticoid response is good, the prognosis is good.

12. rheumatoid arthritis and kidney damage occurs in women aged 20 to 50, a lower incidence of renal damage due to renal impairment may have the following conditions: arthritis pain drug nephropathy, rheumatoid arthritis complicated by renal amyloidosis, rheumatoid arthritis complicated by glomerulonephritis. Rheumatoid arthritis complicated by nephrotic syndrome is very rare, its rheumatoid factor positive, biopsy is the most common mesangial glomerulonephritis, after application of corticosteroids may improve.

13. cryoglobulinemia purpura experiencing kidney damage, joint pain, Raynaud's phenomenon, clinical hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, visual disturbances, syncope and cerebral vascular formation, concurrent glomerulonephritis, should consider this disease, further confirmed in cold blood globulin, to confirm the diagnosis. Cryoglobulinemia can cause kidney damage. 1/3 patients with chronic renal disease in clinical practice, mainly for proteinuria and microscopic hematuria, nephrotic syndrome and can often occur with hypertension, the prognosis is poor. A few patients presented with acute nephritic syndrome, and some showed a rapidly progressive nephritic syndrome, the development of direct to end-stage failure.

14. Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is a rare kidney damage of unknown etiology multisystem granulomatous disease, renal involvement is less common, clinical renal damage by about 1%, biopsy and autopsy found that kidney disease by up to 20% , mainly in the 30 to 50 years old, men and women may be the disease. Diagnosis relies on laboratory tests and chest photo, lymph nodes, skin, liver, renal biopsy, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity increased and so contribute to the diagnosis. Sarcoidosis kidney damage can be divided into: a direct violation of granulomatous kidneys, kidney damage caused by abnormal calcium metabolism and glomerulonephritis.

15. Cellulose glomerular disease onset is more common 40 to 60 years, male ones, the majority of patients with microscopic hematuria, almost all patients had proteinuria, 60% to 70% of patients with nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria category, more than 50% of patients with hypertension, the vast majority of non-systemic disease, there are few cases of malignant tumor. Electron microscope shows a similar amyloid-like filaments were fiber-like substance or micro hollow tube-like structure, but for Congo red staining, Thioflavin T and other were negative. Currently, the disease tends to put the two as the same.

16. collagen Ⅲ glomerulopathy adults and children may be the disease, more common in men. Autosomal recessive, often characterized by proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome, renal function over a long period, and then gradually progress to chronic renal failure, renal biopsy examination is the only means of diagnosis of the disease, immunofluorescence visible widened mesangial area and throughout the capillaries were seen in the strong positive collagen Ⅲ.

17. fibronectin glomerular disease in 14 to 59 years, more common in young people under the age of 30, men and women can be affected, the disease is autosomal dominant. Proteinuria is a common clinical manifestation of the disease, 50% of patients with hypertension. Renal biopsy examination under an optical microscope hyaline substance visible mesangial and subendothelial homogeneous (PAS-positive), Congo red stain was negative, electron microscopy examination showed capillary loop cavity filled with fine granular electron-dense material, basement normal thickness, these negative for Congo red staining fiber diameter than the tubular immune diseases fiber small, its distribution and optical microscopy seen consistent PAS-positive substance; immune pathology department glomerular fibronectin staining strongly positive, and diffuse distribution in mesangial and subendothelial area to help confirm the diagnosis.

18. lipoprotein glomerular disease is more common in men, the majority was sporadic, and the minority of familial disease. The presence of proteinuria in all patients, and some gradual progression to nephrotic range proteinuria, lipoproteins are not formed outside the kidney embolism. The pathology is characterized by the presence of highly inflated glomerular capillary cavity layer change "lipoprotein embolus" lipoprotein positive staining, confirmed that "lipoprotein embolism" under the electron microscope, and the presence of abnormal blood lipid metabolism the diagnosis is not difficult to establish. The disease is not exact and effective treatment.

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Most timely kidney should be around 25 years old

  Many people find that they have white hair, memory loss, and only think of the kidney, this time whether drugs or foods are difficult to effectively because it was too late. Mature human aging from that moment began, most timely kidney should be around 25 years old.

Studies have found that the human brain is heavier than 90 years old 20 years old reduced 10-20%, mainly due to loss of  cells. According to the law of development of brain cells, from birth to 10 years old, has been the proliferation of brain cells into the most impossible to split after 20 years of age, brain cells begin to lose until the cause brain weight reduction. The cardiovascular system: the elderly, heart volume increases, which is due to the increase of collagen fibers leaving the valve and endocardial thickening. At the same time, within the muscle fibers, began lipofuscin deposition, which is insoluble pigment particles are bound together by a protein and lipid, similar to our long in the face of the spots, this spot has increased every year from the beginning of 20 years of age, weight, accounting for about one-third of the total weight of myocardium, also known as "age pigment", also affect the heart.

That is about 25 years from the beginning, the heart and brain cells of this important organ, has been developed to a peak, then start from the decline, which close to Chinese medicine, said the "kidney", along with other organs and tissues will it began to degenerate and aging. To make yourself more in the peak stage for some time to make aging a little late coming, kidney want to advance about 25 years old, this time than in the kidney after the fact and then reversing much easier, at least retard aging arrival time.

Kidney is not easy, the best way is to melt in life, especially in such a proactive kidney. There are two interviews before Mr. Yang Jiang, talked about the lives of the centenarians, one of which is valuable, what she likes to drink large bone black fungus soup, basically drink a day. Although we can not say that she is still in good health in a hundred years time, clear thinking, the effect of all this soup, but the soup is really a model of the kidney.

Medlar, black sesame, walnut can live kidney are also food, but can not available, the best way is to develop the habit of eating every day, as long as there will be a sustained effect occurs. Of course, Mr. Yang Jiang's longevity also has a relationship with her open-minded attitude, this attitude also permeates health, the emphasis on health but also how health, but it does not tangle in non-health and longevity is not, is the health of the essence.

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Daily peritoneal dialysis patients should pay attention to few things

(1) pre-dialysis room with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes, two times a day; 2% Lysol solution to clean the patient's bed, desk, etc. with objects, and walls, floors; replacement patient bed sheets, clothes, day 1; also It should be noted room ventilation, placed in front of Lysol pads.

(2) preparation of dialysis fluid and must be strictly aseptic technique during dialysis procedure; dialysate injection pipe should be sealed once a day to change the tube.

(3) close observation during dialysis dialysate color and clarity, regular inspection for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test.

(4) observation of the patient temperature changes, with or without abdominal tenderness, as has been infected by your doctor for antibiotics.

(5) patients with abdominal pain dialysis tubing can be suitably adjusted position, the dialysate temperature, flow rate and pH. Abdominal distension may be due to decrease in bowel movements, can heat or gently massage the abdomen; encourage patients to eat more foods rich in fiber, if necessary, be forma table, neostigmine and other drugs to relieve symptoms.

(6) good protective isolation, single room, accompanied by strict, access system, to prevent cross-infection. Wash your hands before the burglary, wearing masks hat.

(7) do the monitoring. Should be measured daily weight, pulse, central venous pressure, and accurately record the amount of 24-hour access, good care of critically ill patients records, detailed records should be out of the peritoneal dialysis solution every time, the amount of fluid, residence time, regularly sending drainage do various electrolytes and sugar checks during dialysis observe whether dehydration or water retention, high-sodium, high-sugar, low potassium, potassium and other concurrent symptoms, promptly notify the physician to adjust.

(8) diet: high biological potency supplement protein such as milk, eggs, beef, high-calorie diet, daily calorie intake should be more than 35kcal / kg body weight. Avoid high-phosphorus diet for rapid weight gain, edema or hypertension, the need to restrict water and sodium intake.

(9) to strengthen primary care: good morning, evening and oral care, skin care, for patients who can not take care of themselves and activities inconvenient timing stand, to prevent bedsores and unnecessary infections.

(10) dialysis tube care: daily before dialysis is required at the outlet of the catheter and skin disinfection with iodine solution, covered with dressings. And keep them clean, dry, if wet, replace it immediately. Usually should be carefully observed at the outlet of the dialysis tube without bleeding, leakage, swelling, etc., if the above situation should be dealt with accordingly. For patients with Shower before dialysis tubes can be wrapped with plastic sheeting, shower after its surrounding skin gently wipe, and then iodine disinfection, re-dressing, but not bath, in order to avoid causing peritonitis.

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Cold nocturia is a disease or normal?

The weather is cooling, increased frequency of urination at night to get up a few friends, then nocturia is normal or disease? If confined to urine frequently at night, then we should look at the following two indicators.
Indicator one: with dysuria or urethritis
If accompanied by dysuria, there may be cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis caused.
Urethritis is a common disease, refers to inflammation of the urethral mucosa, female predilection. Clinically divided into acute and chronic, non-specific urethritis and gonococcal urethritis, the latter two similar clinical manifestations, must be identified based on history and bacteriology. Mostly caused by bacteria invade the urethra retrograde.

Two indicators: no dyspnea or edema, chronic nephritis
If there is no difficulty urinating, but accompanied by shortness of breath or swelling, then there may be congestive heart failure, and if not, it is likely that chronic nephritis. Referred to as chronic glomerulonephritis chronic nephritis, mean proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, edema of the basic clinical manifestations, onset in different ways, protracted illness, slow disease progression, may have varying degrees of renal dysfunction, with a kidney deterioration tendency and will eventually develop chronic renal failure, a group of glomerular disease.
Chronic nephritis can occur at any age, but mainly young adult male common. Most of the slow onset, insidious. Diversity of clinical manifestations, proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, edema its basic clinical manifestations, may have varying degrees of renal dysfunction, the condition light weight, persistent, progressive development of chronic renal failure. Laboratory tests mostly mild urinary abnormalities, urinary protein often 1 ~ 3g / d, urine sediment examination of red blood cells can be increased, visible tube. Blood pressure may be normal or slightly elevated. Normal or mildly impaired renal function (creatinine clearance rate or mild azotemia), this situation for several years, even decades, progressive deterioration of renal function and the corresponding clinical manifestations (such as anemia occurs, blood pressure increased and so on) into uremia.

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White female vigilance ridden hydronephrosis

For women, as an important part of the metabolism, kidney out of the problem can be no trivial matter. As the saying goes: "the birth of the kidney." To have a healthy kidney, or from good health habits start living it.
Hydronephrosis wrap collar women
Wang found that his face seems a lot of fat, friends and colleagues joked that she was not related to the recent special eat, can much thought, he recently did not greedy, has been adhering to the movement. Until his waist appeared soreness feeling of pain, she realized that it was not his body out of the question.
To the hospital for a B-ultrasound, the doctor told her that her kidneys have suffered bilateral moderate hydrocephalus, and facial swelling is precisely the symptoms of hydronephrosis.
In fact, although the kidney plays the role of handling human "waste", but did not store these "waste" feature, produced water metabolism was supposed to go through the bladder out of the body, and now it is in the kidney on the hoarding up, so naturally it is something wrong with the.
Drain urine from the renal pelvis out, hampered, resulting in kidney hydronephrosis, dilation, thinning kidney, renal dysfunction, and if both sides have suffered obstruction, there may be serious consequences uremia. Its proximity to various diseases of the urinary system caused by urinary tract obstruction, and ultimately may cause hydronephrosis.
Experts advise:
After hydronephrosis occur, the most common symptom is back pain. Acute pain is very obvious hydronephrosis and chronic hydronephrosis showed blunt pain. Second, is the face, including the eyelids swollen.
In addition, patients will have symptoms of chills, fever, pyuria, waist mass, difficulty urinating.
What women susceptible hydronephrosis?
Hydronephrosis exactly what causes it? Those women prone to hydronephrosis it?
Experts point out that men and women have about the same chance of hydronephrosis, but some women-related diseases or bad habits often lead to hydronephrosis.
During pregnancy

Common causes of pregnancy when the fetus is female oppression hydronephrosis. You know, even if the woman's belly is bigger, the capacity is limited, the fetus inside, it will inevitably be oppressive to women's kidneys. During normal pregnancy often mild kidney, ureter water, often occurs on the right side, the hydronephrosis is a physiological state, it will disappear after delivery.
Experts advise: hydronephrosis during pregnancy serious, it will also affect renal function in pregnant women, so they will have to pay more attention. Supine often tend to increase pressure on the fetal kidney, pregnant women should avoid prolonged supine.

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