Nephrotic syndrome - nephrotic syndrome TCM

TCM nephrotic syndrome can be divided into six types , the performance of a virtual image , there is a common type of qi , yang deficiency , yin deficiency type , manifested as a real image of the common are: feng shui type , damp-heat , stasis type . Types can be transformed in the course of treatment or another and see , are described as follows:

( 1 ) Deficiency : Disease located mainly in the kidney , manifested as backache, fatigue , no significant edema, or only mild edema , body drowsiness , and even then struggling to enact , intolerant sedentary, urine protein or have different degrees the red blood cells , pink tongue , thin coating, pulse weak .

( 2 ) Yang type : disease located mainly in the spleen , the performance of Anhui white complexion , cold limbs , swollen learned over the body , not by the means , even with pleural effusion may even chest tightness , shortness of breath , a small urinate deficient, loose stools thin, urine has protein , fat and pale tongue , thin or greasy, thin pulse .

( 3 ) deficiency type : disease located mainly in the liver and kidney, edema less visible , but dry mouth, sore throat , dizziness, blurred vision , brash, red urine , there are different levels of urine protein and red blood cells, backache, night sweats , Fan , red tongue , pulse a few strings. After large doses of hormone therapy or excessive urination common type of this syndrome .

( 4 ) Type of Feng Shui : Feng Xie clip has caused foreign attacks , especially wind and heat than cold , some began to chill , then heat of those . This type of vision is often eyelid and facial swelling , and then quickly spread to the whole body, limb sour heavy , difficult urination , or if the check urine protein seen with varying degrees of red blood cells . And a fever, aversion to wind , headache , sore throat , cough, nasal congestion , etc. and certificates .

( 5 ) Damp-heat: heat due to the invasion of the evil caused by acute onset and more , Bianshen edema , skin color moist bright, abdominal swelling, nausea , Fan thirst , dry stool , scanty dark urine, or skin sores boil , urine protein and red blood cells , such as a large , red tongue, yellow or greasy, slippery pulse. This type is more common in Cushing 's disease and secondary infection and corticosteroids after kidney healed .

( 6 ) Stagnation Type : Multi falling from the edema caused by the gas and blood . Clinically meet floating limb swelling , skin a mistake, or are petechia petechiae , or back pain , red urine , urine has protein in red blood cells and pleomorphic , pale or red tongue , tongue side petechiae , sublingual Department bruising ribs , thin yellow or greasy hesitant or . Also showed only edema persistent , long lasting , the lack of other obvious external signs were bleeding .

Nephrotic syndrome - nephrotic syndrome TCM

TCM nephrotic syndrome can be divided into six types , the performance of a virtual image , there is a common type of qi , yang deficiency , yin deficiency type , manifested as a real image of the common are: feng shui type , damp-heat , stasis type . Types can be transformed in the course of treatment or another and see , are described as follows:

( 1 ) Deficiency : Disease located mainly in the kidney , manifested as backache, fatigue , no significant edema, or only mild edema , body drowsiness , and even then struggling to enact , intolerant sedentary, urine protein or have different degrees the red blood cells , pink tongue , thin coating, pulse weak .

( 2 ) Yang type : disease located mainly in the spleen , the performance of Anhui white complexion , cold limbs , swollen learned over the body , not by the means , even with pleural effusion may even chest tightness , shortness of breath , a small urinate deficient, loose stools thin, urine has protein , fat and pale tongue , thin or greasy, thin pulse .

( 3 ) deficiency type : disease located mainly in the liver and kidney, edema less visible , but dry mouth, sore throat , dizziness, blurred vision , brash, red urine , there are different levels of urine protein and red blood cells, backache, night sweats , Fan , red tongue , pulse a few strings. After large doses of hormone therapy or excessive urination common type of this syndrome .

( 4 ) Type of Feng Shui : Feng Xie clip has caused foreign attacks , especially wind and heat than cold , some began to chill , then heat of those . This type of vision is often eyelid and facial swelling , and then quickly spread to the whole body, limb sour heavy , difficult urination , or if the check urine protein seen with varying degrees of red blood cells . And a fever, aversion to wind , headache , sore throat , cough, nasal congestion , etc. and certificates .

( 5 ) Damp-heat: heat due to the invasion of the evil caused by acute onset and more , Bianshen edema , skin color moist bright, abdominal swelling, nausea , Fan thirst , dry stool , scanty dark urine, or skin sores boil , urine protein and red blood cells , such as a large , red tongue, yellow or greasy, slippery pulse. This type is more common in Cushing 's disease and secondary infection and corticosteroids after kidney healed .

( 6 ) Stagnation Type : Multi falling from the edema caused by the gas and blood . Clinically meet floating limb swelling , skin a mistake, or are petechia petechiae , or back pain , red urine , urine has protein in red blood cells and pleomorphic , pale or red tongue , tongue side petechiae , sublingual Department bruising ribs , thin yellow or greasy hesitant or . Also showed only edema persistent , long lasting , the lack of other obvious external signs were bleeding .

Pyelonephritis - Differential Diagnosis

Yan Ming general acute pyelonephritis with typical symptoms and abnormal findings in urine , difficult to diagnose. Just urinary tract symptoms such as high fever and obvious , should febrile illness with a variety of

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Phase identification. Abdominal pain, low back pain and obvious to cholecystitis, appendicitis , pelvic inflammatory disease , renal abscess and other identification , usually after repeated urine examination can confirm the diagnosis. Urinary tract symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis is not obvious , no significant change in urine or urine abnormalities intermittent , easily misdiagnosed . In women, who have unexplained fever , backache , fatigue , mild urinary tract symptoms without the possibility of this disease should be considered . Must repeatedly check the urine and culture and find evidence of chronic pyelonephritis with hypertension and hypertension need to be identified. Furthermore , following various diseases still need to be identified. ( A ) genital tract bleeding renal tuberculosis is often also associated with tuberculosis , which is the most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis, multi-line blood infections , acute phase with fever ( fever ) , night sweats , fatigue , back pain, urinary frequency, urgency , dysuria , urine and other symptoms, about 20% of cases can be no clinical manifestations, urinary tract infection , also known as the silent type , a few years after the destruction of the renal parenchyma , tuberculosis granuloma, caseous becomes the first involving the medulla, the nipple area , followed by papillary necrosis , renal pelvis light deformation, cortical thinning, even can affect the kidneys surrounding tissue , the latter with impaired renal function , bladder contracture. X -ray examination of the lungs , prostate, epididymis , pelvic tuberculosis detection can help diagnose the disease. Urine hematuria ( microscopic hematuria or gross hematuria ) , pyuria , positive skin test (PPD), urinary tuberculosis culture , the detection rate of over 90%, while intravenous urography can only be found in late stage cases in recent years, polymerase linking reaction (PCR) method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in urine has been widely used in the diagnosis , its specificity, positive rate of 95 %.
(B ) subject to chronic glomerulonephritis edema , proteinuria is identification difficult . Proteinuria pyelonephritis generally 1 ~ 2g / d or less , if more than 3g is mostly glomerular lesions . But the disease more difficult to identify with the occult nephritis , urine in the latter have more red blood cells, white blood cells and the main places of pyelonephritis . In addition, urine culture , long-term observation of patients with or without fever, frequent urination and other symptoms will also help identify. Late nephritis secondary to urinary tract infections, difficult to distinguish , this time a detailed medical history , clinical characteristics were analyzed.
( C) the prostate in men over the age of 50 due to benign prostatic hyperplasia , hypertrophy, urethral tube placement guide , cystoscopy and so easy to get the disease. In addition to acute prostatitis chills , fever, elevated white blood cell count , the lumbosacral and perineal pain, so that from the stand anxiety, frequent urination, painful urination , urine check pus , and acute cystitis easily confused . In addition to urine abnormalities chronic prostatitis clinical symptoms were not obvious . Get prostate massage prostate fluid examination , the white blood cell count > 10 / HP, B ahead of the gland can help in the differential diagnosis .

Early nephritis can not eat it?

I believe many people are aware of the daily diet not only give the body to replenish energy , some foods can help the body to improve some of the symptoms. But the truth has two sides , for some kidney patients , some food has chosen is that they can not diet , otherwise it will be great harm to the body .


Early nephritis can not eat it?

Nephritis is a kidney disease often suffer from a lot of people do not want to but unknowingly suffering from kidney disease. Now that you have suffered from nephritis , then the treatment of nephritis is one of the most important goal. Diet is that everyone must go through every day , in the treatment of nephritis nephritis also have to pay attention to not eat any food.
According to kidney specialists learned early nephritis patients can not touch , such as wine , tea, coffee, etc. , and some condiments such as onions, ginger , garlic, curry , mustard , pepper ; various spices and containing volatile oil and more vegetables, such as leek, fennel , celery , radish and so on.
There are some foods often easily nephritis patients negligence, such as diet inedible spinach , bamboo shoots, amaranth Levin , as well as beans and soy products, animal offal and thick chicken soup , broth , etc., nephritis can not eat fried food, these easy aggravated nephritis patient's condition .
For some degree of renal injury aggravated nephritis patients can not eat a corresponding increase in the number and types , need extra attention at this time , ask what to eat nephritis , nephritis can not eat anything, diet program developed by the disease , which will help alleviate the condition , shorten the treatment time .

Lupus nephritis - clinical manifestations

SLE (systemic lupus erythematosis, SLE) is an unknown etiology with a variety of multi- system damage characterized by the formation of autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases. The patient's body can produce antibodies against its own nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane antigens. Usually presents clinically fever, facial erythema multiforme rash, photosensitivity, multiple oral ulcers, arthritis, multiple serositis , vasculitis , nephritis and central nervous system symptoms. Great variation illness , often due to a system or an organ lesions are more prominent , easily misdiagnosed . To kidney damage as the main performers , known as systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis (systemic lupus erythematosis nephritis SLEN) and lupus nephritis (lupus nephritis, LN).
SLE is more common in women than men are men and women have the same 1:13 but patients with high rates of renal involvement , with an average age of onset is 27 to 29 years , 85% of patients aged 55 years or less SLE is a systemic disease , involving clinical manifestations of multiple systems and organs showed diversity. Approximately 70% of patients with clinical manifestations of kidney damage , combined renal biopsy immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, the SLE 100% had renal involvement . Often due to infection, cold, sunlight , alcohol , stress overwork or mental stress and other factors that lead to disease onset or worsening , may also be due to improper use of hormones , weight loss caused by excessive or sudden withdrawal relapse . Every relapse, will make even more aggravated involvement organ damage , and even failure.

Had lupus nephritis can not eat what

For any diseases, food taboos tend to be guaranteed treatment. So for nephropathy, lupus nephritis had not eat it? Should be taboo on eating ? Lupus nephritis patients in the daily diet is certainly different from the ordinary for patients with lupus nephritis general condition following kidney specialist hospital got your Intro lupus nephritis can not eat anything, I hope you have some help .
1 , lupus nephritis can not eat anything, seafood , commonly known as fat objects . Will appear after eating seafood allergies ( mostly in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus high allergy ) induce or aggravate the condition . Jiyong sea fishy fat objects such as fish, shrimp , jellyfish , beef , lamb, pig meat , onions , leeks, toon top. Alfalfa and soybeans, beans, adzuki beans , etc. , because it contains L- canavanine , can worsen lupus kidney disease , it should limit or avoid eating.
2 , parsley , celery and other long food allergy caused by light , so it should not be increased in patients with facial erythema consumption.
3, after the dog meat, venison , longan, of warm, heat symptoms and the patient can eat .
To control the fat content of the diet , especially to reduce the intake of high- fat meat , but also avoid using oil for frying foods. Should supply high-protein and low-salt diet. Quality animal protein and protein-based , such as lean meat , fish and other various scales can also use skim milk twice daily with 250 ml each of different types of lupus nephritis and clinical manifestations of edema , according to the different degrees of hypertension , using different low-salt diet , such as nephrotic syndrome, edema amount should be less than 3 grams of salt a day .
4 , avoid fried foods, lupus patients due to inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract disease, poor digestion and absorption , and hot fried foods do not digest , can increase the burden on the stomach , leading to indigestion, stomach injury worse.
5 patients with lupus nephritis avoid ammonia containing high protein foods benzene . Such as beef , dairy products, tofu skin , loose dried fish , etc., should also avoid eating L - canavanine foods such as beans, soy foods .
6 , lupus nephritis patients avoid greasy , flavor foods. Greasy foods high in fat , and lupus patients vascular lesions . Lupus patients in kidney disease patients diet to light is appropriate, not too salty , such as too much salt will increase the burden on the kidneys to increase the body of water and sodium retention . Salt intake to no more than 5-8 grams is appropriate .
Lupus nephritis can not eat what should eat less food with enhanced light-sensitive effect of food : ? Such as figs, milk vetch , rape, celery, yellow snail and after sun exposure should be avoided as edible . Mushrooms , shiitake mushrooms and certain foods , such as dyes and tobacco also have the potential role of induced systemic lupus erythematosus , also try not to eat less food ......
7 , spicy foods such as chili , raw onions, raw garlic can increase the patient heat phenomenon .
8 , lupus nephritis can not eat anything , to control the fat content of the diet , especially to reduce the intake of high- fat meats , such as beef , lamb , pork , also avoid using oil for frying foods. Should supply high-protein and low-salt diet. Quality animal protein and protein-based , such as lean meat , fish and other various scales can also use skim milk twice daily with 250 ml each of different types of lupus nephritis and clinical manifestations of edema , according to the different degrees of hypertension , using different low-salt diet , such as nephrotic syndrome, edema amount should be less than 3 grams of salt a day .

Children with nephrotic syndrome to calcium!

Neighbor's child had nephrotic syndrome, originally chubby little face now looks more fat , swollen eyes became a seam, people feel distressed and pathetic. After some time the impact of the treating physician , and diuretic swelling , reasonable diet, prevention and treatment of infections , swelling gradually subsided . Family are very happy, but the most recent time there has been a sudden convulsions , tetany , after doctors diagnosed that caused due to hypocalcemia .



An important feature of nephrotic syndrome in children is a lot of proteinuria discharge. Proteinuria loss mainly albumin . While losing a lot of albumin , blood albumin easily combine with calcium proteinuria also be excreted. At a time when children are in strong growth phase , the body of a relative increase in the demand for calcium , the body prone to cause calcium deficiency in children . If you do not pay attention to the children in a timely manner inadequate intake of calcium or calcium-rich food , which ultimately caused the calcium is low , calcium -induced convulsions , tetany .

In addition, the treatment of nephrotic syndrome requires long-term use of large doses of adrenal corticosteroids . Pharmacological studies have shown that hormone against human intestinal absorption of vitamin D and calcium effect. So to make the body of calcium deficiency in children with more severe and thus easily lead to osteoporosis in children , activities prone to fracture .

Thus, in the integrated treatment of children with nephrotic syndrome , it should also pay attention to vitamin D and calcium supplements to compensate for the phenomenon of calcium to prevent the occurrence of hypocalcemia in children with convulsions , tetany , osteoporosis and fractures , which is doctor and patients in the treatment of children with nephrotic syndrome should be noted . The parents give their children to eat calcium foods , drugs make at the same time with tonic , you can reduce or even avoid calcium complications.

Nephrotic syndrome, the proper use of hormonal methods

Nephrotic syndrome, the use of hormones principles are: " First start of foot , reduction to slow, maintain longer ."

 

1 , the first stage of starting therapy (also called the induction phase ) hormone therapy nephrotic syndrome , was positively correlated with the dose . So began the first phase of the dose is large enough to make the disease as soon as possible to alleviate the general adult prednisone dose should be 1 mg / (kg · day ) , individual patients available to 1.5 mg / (kg · day ) . There are reports that 2 to 13 years old pediatric patients , the dose should be throwing pine 2 ~ 2.5 mg / (kg · day ) , the more the young age of the children , then poured the need for greater amount of pine . However, the daily dosage of hormones , not > 80 mg. If patients with impaired liver function , it is not appropriate to splash the loose , and should be changed to prednisolone , which is the same dose and throwing pine .
Treatment methods , it was considered to early morning serving Dayton as well, so you can make the exogenous hormones and physiological hormone fluctuations synchronization, you can significantly reduce the side effects of adrenal axis suppression , also suggested that in the beginning stages of hormone therapy , the 1st dose of 2 to 4 times daily , so that the plasma concentration is relatively stable , more effective than Dayton clothing , after the effect of hormones needed reductions , and then to Dayton clothing . This is a common clinical problem, benevolent see benevolence and the wise see wisdom , and now there is no evidence -based medicine . I think it should vary if the day taking hormone doses greater than 60mg, can be divided doses , if less than 60mg, Dayton clothing can be considered in the morning to reduce the side effects of hormones. Children's use of large doses of hormones , the initial stages of treatment should also be daily dose divided doses.
2 , reduction treatment phase usually with large doses of hormones after eight weeks required reductions , reduce the dosage of the progressive reduction, reduction of 5% -10 % of the original dose every two weeks . To adhere to the same dose of the smaller , slower speed reduction principles . Note that during this period are:
If after 8 weeks of high-dose therapy did not improve, or even worse, at the same time careful to exclude the existence of factors that affect the efficacy of such infections , it is estimated to continue medication will not be effective ( hormone invalid type ) , the dose should be rapidly reduced to short-term disabling , if the conditions , it is best to send a higher level hospital for biopsy .
If the treatment of nephrotic syndrome after partial remission ( proteinuria <3 g / day or more has been reduced by more than half , edema and other symptoms have abated ) , then reduced to a small dose of hormone withdrawal ( for adults and 0.5 mg / (kg · day ) , children of 1 mg / (kg · day ) ] , to a two-day administration , that the next day early morning serving Dayton .
If given large doses of hormones, the patient's condition or less than six weeks will soon get relief, consolidation may ease after two weeks with the original dose , the reduction can be carried out . Such as minimal change nephropathy , 90% of pediatric patients in complete remission after four weeks , it usually take four weeks , then take two weeks , you can enter the reduction stage. Remission in adult patients is slow , often requires the use of hormones eight weeks , in order to identify the patients with nephrotic syndrome hormone is valid . Hormone treatment generally should not be more than three months, increase the dose of hormones and prolonged treatment should be cautious. After the withdrawal of a small dose reduced , depending on the particular circumstances, for longer-term continuous therapy or continued reductions , adverse reactions hormones would be greatly reduced. Dose reduction must be stressed very slow manner, should at least experience a month or more .
3 , continued treatment phase began after the first high-dose hormone therapy , remission only in part , by the above method reductions to small doses ( adult every other day to 1 mg / (kg · day ) , children every other day for the 2 ~ 2.5 mg / (kg · day ) , can take six months or longer , usually with a small dose of this hormone , the adverse reactions not ; If patients continued treatment in small doses , achieved complete remission , is in remission , according to the original amount then served four weeks , and then , very slowly and regularly reductions , while maintaining the reduced amount, depending on the specific circumstances of the patient , after a period of time with a maintenance dose , and then gradually tapered to discontinuation.
Hormone-sensitive , and rapid access to complete remission of cases , usually according to the above reduction to a maintenance dose of hormones , namely prednisone every other day morning service 0.4 mg / kg, this is the physical requirements , there are few adverse reactions , some clothes 4 months or longer time, and then very slowly and eventually to stop taking reductions .
Although some patients starting treatment for the first complete remission , but the short term ( < 6 months ) relapse, the dose is reduced to a certain extent even that recurrence ( ie, hormone-dependent ) , you can re- use of hormone therapy , and subject to the above conventional hormone dose reduction to maintain continuous treatment, sustainable medication 12 to 18 months.
     4 , medication attention
1 ) the use of hormones must be under the guidance of the physician , the patient must not be allowed to decide their own course of hormone therapy or dose . Because the law does not apply steroids - random subtraction , withdrawal, withdrawal irregular cut , etc. , can easily accelerate the process of renal fibrosis , making repeated illness or worse, and repeated illness aggravated once again , increasing the difficulty of treatment.
2 ) Long-term use of hormones can lead to adrenal cortical atrophy , if a sudden reduction or abrupt withdrawal , the body can be caused due to lack of hormones adrenal crisis , high fever ( temperature over 40 ℃), nausea , vomiting, decreased blood pressure , etc. can occur in severe shock , so patients can not be arbitrarily withdrawal.
3 ) Long-term use of hormones, can cause a range of adverse reactions, such as lead cortex hyperfunction syndrome , peptic ulcer , hypertension, arteriosclerosis , osteoporosis and other diseases, so patients during treatment requires regular review , as happened these adverse reactions should be treated promptly .

Spring fever, cough, cold and more apt to cause nephrotic syndrome in children

It is understood that children with nephrotic syndrome ( abbreviated nephropathy ) is one of the children with kidney disease is very common type , although most children with incurable recovered, but some children with recurrent or persistent disease , a few even develop into chronic renal failure. According to the force Guangzhou First People's Hospital , director of introduction, children aged 2 to 6 low resistance , respiratory infections often induce nephrotic syndrome, so parents refrain of " minor ailments " lightly.
Fever three days had had kidney disease systemic edema
3 year old boy Tintin recent days fever , sore throat and yell . First to his mother taking antipyretics and detoxification medicine, but two days later, Tintin is still high fever . Go to the hospital , doctors diagnosed as acute laryngitis, opened a few days of antibiotics. However , Tintin mother that the child does not cough , eating suspected misuse of antibiotics , so there is no medication by your doctor . In the next three days, Tintin has been low grade fever , do not want to eat for several days , double eyelids and lower extremities still swollen , urine less. Mom rushed to the hospital with Tintin , Tintin and found a large number of proteins in the urine . The doctor said , because Tintin upper respiratory infection, induced nephrotic syndrome in children .
According to the force introduced , children with nephrotic syndrome clinical manifestations of massive proteinuria , hypoalbuminemia , hyperlipidemia, and a high degree of edema , " three high and one low" symptoms. Age of onset is more common in children 2 to 6 years of age, boys more than girls , male to female ratio is about 1.5 to 3.7:1 .

Yang Shen Yang Shen gold how to properly season a woman? (2)

Sixth, diet and kidneys
There are many foods can kidney . In addition to black black sesame , black fungus, black rice , black beans and other foods may Yang Shen , the walnuts, chives , shrimp, mutton kidney , etc., may also play a role in kidney Yang Shen .
Seven, Yang Shen sleep
Adequate sleep for blood biochemistry , plays an important role in the maintenance of essence . Clinical findings, many patients with kidney failure are too late at night , fatigue, lack of sleep experience.
Therefore, do not stay up late too , to develop good habits , early hours , is conducive to the conservation of essence .
Eight , avoid fatigue section intercourse
Heavy physical labor will hurt gas, mental overweight will hurt the blood , excessive labor room will hurt fine . Therefore, we must do what , there are degrees of labor , sexual intercourse with restraint . Only in this way will help protect Yang Shen essence .
Nine , wary of drugs
Whether Chinese or Western medicine , there are some side effects , some drugs can damage kidneys uniforms . So when the medication should be vigilant , to read the instructions carefully , need long-term use of certain drugs , we should consult relevant experts .
X. Yang Shen movement
Life is movement . By Yang Shen correct virtual sports is worthwhile to promote positive measures .
Here to introduce you to help Yang Shen virtual and easy to learn correct exercise methods : two hands to rub the palm of the heat, were put to the waist , palms to the skin , massage the waist down , to have up thermal.
May sooner or later, again, about 200 times per pass . This exercise can kidney qi .

Yang Shen Yang Shen gold how to properly season a woman? (1)

Winter is cold and dry , disease -prone , and the most likely to damage the kidneys cold yang . At this point if the kidneys can do maintenance work , we can effectively cold and physical health . Therefore, women Kidney Yang Shen winter to do the work . Kidney vital to the body's metabolism , how Yang Shen in this cold season it?
Winter is prime season Yang Shen
TCM theory holds that : Yang Yang spring and summer , autumn and winter Yin , is the nature of all things winter season closure possession , and kidney in the five elements of water , yin possession , so in the winter time is the conservation of the best kidneys . Kidney as " the birth of the " " source of life" , "human root of yin and yang ." Therefore, to conform to the laws of nature and all things Tibetan closure and concealed the body of law , Yu Yin Yang care , retaining good kidneys.
Kidney Yang Shen winter , not only can enhance the body 's ability to withstand the cold , but also improve the body's immunity and resistance to disease , aging .
First, protect their own feet
Foot Yang Shen is one way to keep warm . This is because on foot from the kidney , while the foot is vulnerable to invasion chill .
Therefore, pay special attention to the feet warm, your feet are not to sleep on the air conditioning or a fan . Do not barefoot in damp places long walk. In addition, there are many points of foot , as Yongquan .
"Kidney for springs , springs were Zuxin also ." Can knead foot Yongquan night before bed , massage Yongquan Yang Shen can play solid fine effect.
Second, to ensure smooth bowel movements
Poor stool , stool stop the plot , sewage upside, only people agitated , chest tightness, shortness of breath , and will hurt the kidneys, resulting in backache, fatigue, nausea and vomiting.
Therefore , keep the stool , but also raises the kidney approach. Stool obscure , can stick to your hands back kidney area , hard rubbing , can stimulate kidney , accelerate defecation ; while walking with his hands rubbing the back kidney area , can relieve backache symptoms.
Third, drinking Yang Shen
Water is the source of life. Lack of liquid water may cause toxic cloud of lag , increasing the burden on the kidneys . Thus, the timing is very important Yang Shen water method .
Fourth, do not tolerate urine
Storage of urine in the bladder reaches a certain level , it will stimulate the nerve , resulting in micturition reflex . Then be sure to go to the toilet in time , the urine drain clean.
Otherwise, it will be the accumulation of small cloud of gas and water , against the kidneys. Therefore, the urine should be discharged, is one of the best ways Yang Shen .
V. swallow Jin Yang Shen
Saliva in the oral cavity is divided into two parts : A thin as saliva from the main spleen , as a thick saliva , the master from the kidney .
You can do an experiment , a mouth spit saliva put it , less than a day , you will feel the waist and knees, body fatigue.
This in turn proved to swallow saliva can nourish essence , play the role and kidneys .

5 foods should eat kidney and warm

Meat
Meat dog meat , mutton , beef, better cold effect , venison . They contain protein, carbohydrates and fats high, kidney yang , warm temperature , the qi and blood circulation effect. Eat the meat yang of the body can speed up the metabolism , endocrine function increases, so to keep out the cold effect.
Foods high in iron
Pennsylvania State University researchers found that human blood deficiency is also cold. Women anemic women low hemoglobin than normal body temperature 0.7 ℃, 13% less heat production , when the increase in iron intake, significantly enhanced its ability to cold . Therefore, the cold-blooded women can consciously increase the food intake of high iron content , such as animal liver, lean meat , spinach, egg yolk.
Iodine-containing foods
Kelp , seaweed, sea salt , seaweed, jellyfish , clams , cabbage , spinach , corn and other iodine-containing foods can promote human thyroid hormone secretion. Thyroid hormone has a thermogenic effect , which can speed up the body ( except brain, glands, uterus ) oxidation process the vast majority of tissue cells , increasing the production of heat, so that increased basal metabolic rate , blood circulation and strengthen the skin , anti- cold cold.
Tubers food
Medical researchers have found that people cold and lack of body salts . Lotus root, carrots , lily, potato, cabbage, Chinese cabbage and other rich in inorganic salts, such food may wish to doping with other foods for human consumption.
Spicy food
Pepper contains capsaicin, ginger contains aromatic volatile oil, pepper contains piperine . These eating spicy food can drive the wind and cold, promote blood circulation, increase body temperature.

Cause of kidney disease brief

Cause of kidney disease , what does ? Nephropathy is common in our daily lives as a disease , the incidence rate is quite high, there is no population restrictions , cause kidney disease , there are many , such as diet , drug toxicity , the impact of external factors such as variety of internal and external factors will lead to kidney disease , then the following details about the cause of kidney disease cases .

1 , infection factors : Most of the patients before the onset of kidney disease are acute tonsillitis, pharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection history of the patient in case of infection , it will be worse after the fever.

2 , immune factors : When a pathogen invades the human body , the body will produce antibodies to fight these pathogens , the process of antibodies to fight pathogens , the deposition in the glomerular filtration membrane of some immune complexes may cause renal cell damage and necrosis , which can cause disease.

3 , endocrine factors: " neuro - endocrine - immune network theory" of a balanced and stable environment in the human body has a very important role. If the feedback regulation of the environmental aspects of a mistake , then make kidney cell injury or necrosis, which induce or aggravate kidney disease .

4 , misdiagnosis, wrong treatment or drug risk factors : the occurrence and development of kidney disease , misdiagnosis, wrong treatment or medication is a very important factor. If the indiscriminate use of drugs , not only for the patient did not benefit , but to make the condition worse , and diagnose errors and medication errors , it is so kidney patients "worse ."

Details of the above content is the cause of kidney disease , the illness if the patient can know the cause of the disease is what is very important, because it can more effectively treat their disease .

How to treat acute glomerulonephritis

Scientists currently directed against the immune pathogenesis of glomerular specific treatment . The main positive for the symptomatic treatment by pathophysiological processes (such as Shuina Zhu tumor, blood volume is too large ) , prevention of acute complications and protect renal function , in order to facilitate its natural recovery.

An acute bed rest period should normally take two to three weeks until the disappearance of gross hematuria , blood pressure recovery , edema decreased to gradually increase the amount of indoor activities . Mild proteinuria and hematuria left without follow-up study should be strengthened to extend the period of bed rest , weight gain , if you need to change the urine in bed again. Within three months should avoid strenuous physical activity. May gradually increase the amount of activity after stopping bed , without clinical symptoms two months later, the urine is often normal , you can start to go to school half a day , and gradually to attend full-day learning .

2 diet and sodium intake to prevent further water retention, leading to severe concurrent circulation overload level , the need to reduce the burden on the kidneys , acute phase should limit salt , water, and protein intake. For edema, high blood pressure with a free salt or low-salt diet. Edema and oliguria were heavy water restrictions . To have azotemia limit protein intake. Application of high-quality protein in children in the short term , according to 0.5g/kg calculations. Note to sugars provide calories .

3 foci of treatment remains throat , skin infection focus should be given to penicillin or other sensitive drug treatment 7 to 10 days .

4 Application of acute nephritis major pathophysiological changes diuretics for Shuinazhuliu, drain fluid volume expanded , so the application is not only to achieve a diuretic swelling diuretic effect, and helps to prevent complications . Where the control of water , salt and still oliguria , edema, high blood pressure should be given diuretics. Thiazide invalid available loop diuretics such as furosemide strong and uric acid . Mercury diuretics generally disabled.

Yang Shen ate winter

Pathogenic than Western medicine , pay more attention to health . Our country since ancient times, health habits , seasonal regimen , 12 solar terms of health and other health methods has a long history . As the saying goes : Spring Liver, spleen raising summer and autumn Yangfeihuoxue winter Yang Shen . Now winter is coming soon , it is a good time kidney . People have also spread this winter tonic , Tiger said the law next year . Today we say it raises the kidney diet food choice in winter , let's take a look at winter kidney related presentations ate it.



Yang Shen ate winter

Experts : Four Seasons Health is also derived from the five elements of health, winter is wood is green, summer is a fire red, autumn is gold is yellow, winter is water is black , while the smooth movement of soil on behalf of gas , because in order to account for four of the five elements Therefore, summer and autumn soil located transition period . And today we are mainly talking about winter , winter is the water is black , natural foods are a lot of black is good for the kidney . The following experts recommend some black kidney food for everyone :

1 , black rice

The study found that black rice contains 18 kinds of amino acids and selenium , iron, zinc and other trace elements B1, B2, high nutritional value , with Yin and kidney, spleen warm liver , eyesight and blood circulation effect . Long-term consumption of black rice, can promote sleep , but also the treatment of dizziness , dizziness , anemia, hair , eye and Yaotuisuanruan embolism. Modern medicine, black rice on the blood, pain, treatment of trauma have a certain effect.

2 , black sesame seeds

Black sesame sweet natured, have liver or kidney, the role of moisture five internal organs , due to lack of vertigo caused by kidney essence and blood , hair, hair loss , waist and knees , intestinal dry constipation have better therapeutic health care. " Compendium of Materia Medica ," said the black sesame body surface gloss taking a year or two years back black hair , three exfoliated tooth . In medicine, black sesame seeds can Liver , kidney, blood , moistening , UFA , beauty, beauty is an excellent food .

3 , black beans

Aka Wudou , sweet natured, Rupi , kidney. Traditional Chinese medicine, anti-aging black beans help with the medical treatment of food with special features . Black beans are the ancients as the Valley of kidney, black beans, sweet nature, not only shaped like a kidney , and kidney physical, Blood and water , detoxification , soothing effect, especially for kidney patients.

4 , black fungus

Black fungus is an excellent anti-cancer foods , because of its high cellulose content , can be a good garbage and intravascular carcinogens , prevention of cardiovascular disease, and colon carcinogens diluted , can help prevent colon cancer. Black fungus also regulate blood sugar, reduce blood viscosity , reduce blood cholesterol. Black fungus can eat solid kidney essence , diuretic eliminate stone , commonly used in kidney stones embolism.

5 , dates

Prune the kidney is one of the traditional foods " Black Five ." Prune has rich nutritional value, such as carbohydrates , dietary fiber , fat, pectin and protein , but also rich in vitamins and minerals , more importantly Prune contains tannin and yellow pigment and other biologically active substances. And have a strong role to enhance the body immunity , and cardiac, lung cancer, vomiting blood has a significant effect . Prune nutrients containing protein, carbohydrates , organic acids , vitamins and phosphorus, calcium, and iron. Prune warm sweet , with a kidney and stomach function, there is a "nutritional storehouse ," said.

Nephritis ate (5)

9, Gorgon porridge


Gorgon 30 grams, rice 30 grams, ginkgo 10. First net ginkgo peeled to the core, the ginkgo and the Gorgon, rice congee together. 1 day, 10 days for a course, should calming liver yang to Gushen based.







10 Persimmon sugar


Fresh Persimmon 1000 g. Wash the fresh persimmon leaves chopped, fried thick add water to slag juice, a small fire was concentrated to a viscous. Add sugar concoction dry, dry crushing, bottling equipped with. 3 times a day, every blunt 15 g, for mild edema, backache petrified, sleep night sweats.

Nephritis ate (4)

7, turtle shell drink


Yam 30 grams, 30 grams of turtle shell. Fried turtle shell first two hours, then add yam, yellow Tong Jian, to leave residue juice. 2 times a day, morning and evening to take, even for one week. Applicable oliguria, edema below the waist.









8, carp porridge


2 carp, rice 60 grams, 6 grams of fresh reed rhizome. Net gutting fish washed, and rushes, rice congee together. 2 times a day, morning and evening meal, and even served 20 days, should Warming spleen and kidney yang diuresis.

Nephritis ate? (3)

5, mountain ones


Dried or fresh yam yam 60 grams 120 grams, 60 grams of rice. Yam cut into pieces, together with rice congee. 2 times a day, early evening meal, you can often take, should Warming spleen and kidney yang benefits of water-based.




6, winter melon soup Amomum


Melon 1000 grams, Amomum 30 grams. Melon, Amomum common stew into soup. Every other one, and even served 20 days in order to diuretic-based.

Nephritis ate? (2)

3, black sesame porridge Poria


6 grams of black sesame seeds, Poria 20 grams, 60 grams of rice. Poria chopped decoction into the pot, then add black sesame rice porridge Serve. 2 times a day, breakfast and dinner daily, even served 15 days. Spirit of those who apply to wilt Mi.






4, double skin soup


Gourd shell 50 grams, 30 grams of melon skin, red dates 5. The above herbs fry 400 ml of water 150 ml, to leave residue juice. Day one, serving until the swelling subsided so far for edema.

Nephritis ate (1)

1, longan porridge


Longan 60 grams, 100 grams of rice, a little brown sugar. ① Astragalus sliced, panning clean. ② astragalus into the pot, add some water, with the fire to boil, skim concoction. ③ rice pot, add concoction, amount of water, mixed with the use of force after the fire, switch to a simmer and cook until rice rotten porridge. 2 times a day, morning and evening 1 for older edema, chronic nephritis, physical weakness, but red tongue Jifu.


2, ginger, jujube porridge


12 grams of fresh ginger, jujube 6, rice 90 grams. Wash chopped ginger, jujube, rice porridge. 2 times a day, doing early evening meal can be taken all year round. Optional mild floating species, pale complexion who

Nephrotic syndrome prison bed nursing

Nephrotic syndrome is a kind of disease ? Treatment of nephrotic syndrome have? How effective prevention nephrotic syndrome ? These are issues of concern in patients with nephrotic syndrome . If you know anything about this series of questions , the following detailed description to follow Xiaobian a look at it. I hope to be helpful to everybody 's health .



In response to these problems , experts have pointed out that the specific methods of care nephrotic syndrome can be divided into the following description :



( 1 ) psychological aspects of nephrotic syndrome care:
Patients often fear, irritability, sadness , anxiety and other psychological disorders performance, which is not conducive to treatment and rehabilitation of disorders. Nephrotic syndrome caregiver responsibility , warm friendly service, first give the patient a sense of security and trust , and then helped him overcome adverse psychological factors , lifting its ideological concerns and avoid emotional stimulation , cultivate optimism. To make health education , prevention of recurrence of the disease.



  ( 2 ) drug treatment for nephrotic syndrome care:
Diuretics , the reaction should be observed after treatment , such as the patient's urine , weight, skin elasticity . With potent diuretics , loop to observe the patient's condition and the acid-base balance ; in the use of hormones , should pay attention to side effects, withdrawal or change the mode of administration can not be rushed, non- sudden withdrawal , good care of nephrotic syndrome , can promote a speedy recovery.



    ( 3 ) the clinical aspects of nephrotic syndrome care:
Such as edema , proteinuria should rest in bed ; eyelid facial edema pillow should be slightly higher ; severe edema should regularly change position ; pleural effusion should be semi- recumbent position ; scrotal edema with care appropriate to hold the scrotum . While giving high-calorie low-salt diet rich in vitamins .

Ten early symptoms of chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease is called the "silent killer" , which often have no obvious symptoms at an early stage , but will quietly develop , as soon as the obvious symptoms are ferocious, most have evolved to end-stage renal failure, and even uremia . In order to protect their own health , be sure to let the early symptoms of chronic kidney disease gave prototype. If you know nothing about it , here let Xiaobian for you one by one .



It is understood that the specific early symptoms of chronic kidney disease can be divided into the following description :



    1, the undue sleepiness , fatigue
This is an earlier performance , but the most easily overlooked because the cause drowsiness and fatigue is indeed too much, especially those in business , " full fight " , most people put the blame on job stress and fatigue .

2 , edema
Healthy people may also occur after getting a mild swelling of the eyelids , but soon will gradually subside. The person suffering from renal disease is always swollen eyelids , and some people even showed systemic edema, sudden weight gain , use your fingers to press the lower limbs appear sunken , and the swelling is not easy to fade.

3 , blood pressure
Nearly 60% of kidney disease patients exhibit elevated blood pressure, but most patients have never been associated check the kidneys, they often tried many methods antihypertensive effect was less than ideal , because they do not know the source of the disease is actually in the kidney . Asymptomatic alone to determine whether the blood pressure is not desirable and often necessary to measure blood pressure .



4 , urine output change
Normal urine of 1000 to 2000 ml / day , an average of about 1500 ml / day. Whether increased or decreased urine output , are likely to be manifestations of kidney disease , especially nocturnal polyuria is often a signal of chronic kidney disease.



    5 , the foam increases in urine
The protein is often the phenomenon , in general, the more bubbles in urine , urinary protein more .

6 , urine color changes
Suddenly darker urine color , red should be vigilant , especially after respiratory or intestinal infection if the urine color red may be the performance of kidney disease .

7 , pain
Blood in patients with chronic renal failure in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism occur , thereby stimulating hyperparathyroidism , causing pain , osteoporosis and other renal osteodystrophy , if there is unexplained fractures or often think back pain, bone pain , osteoporosis, and other tests found no after orthopedic abnormalities , must go look up the kidneys.



8 , back pain
Kidney area pain discomfort, aching or persistent dull .



9 , loss of appetite
Renal failure patients earlier and is the most common symptom , and toxin retention related. At first most people disagree, until progression of the disease , will appear Fullness abdominal discomfort, nausea , vomiting, or have even increased stool frequency pulpy mass , this time, the disease has been severe , which often is a major cause of patients had medical treatment .



    10 , pale yellow
This is due to anemia caused due to the occurrence and development of this performance is very slow , so in quite a long time without causing the patient attention.

Kidney wary of ten signal

Early nephropathy , often do not feel pain , so easily overlooked , it is difficult to find. Many patients physically very uncomfortable , and only went to a hospital and found that kidney disease is already very heavy , and even life-threatening , you need to do immediately hemodialysis. Therefore, the United States, " Health" website published an article reminder , the following 10 common signal must be very vigilant.

1 . Meijin Er . When poor kidney function , and many difficult to excrete waste from the urine out, there will be lack of energy, fatigue , weakness , etc. Meijin Er feeling. Wang Kui , director of nephrology storm Oriental Hospital , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine noted that the kidneys are sick , protein and other nutrients leaking from the kidneys through urine excreted , there will Meijin Er performance. Some patients may think is too tired , or other reasons , to the neglect of kidney problems.

2 poor appetite . The patient will be a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms , especially because of gastrointestinal edema , often not eating, bloating and other digestive disorders symptoms.

3 nausea and vomiting. When diabetic patients with renal failure, blood urea nitrogen levels , intestinal bacterial urease will decompose to ammonia urea , ammonia can stimulate the gastrointestinal tract , causing nausea and vomiting. At this time coupled with concentrated urine kidney dysfunction, nocturnal enuresis will increase the amount of patients, while the body of water in the night will be a substantial loss, blood concentration , morning blood urea nitrogen levels are relatively high. Therefore, the early morning when the easy nausea, vomiting worse.

4 . Urine bubble . Urine bubble for many reasons , this phenomenon will lead to kidney disease . If the protein from the kidney into the urine leakage , urine will play a lot of foam.

5 abnormal urination . Healthy people urination frequency of about 4-6 times a day , about 800-2000 ml of urine , urination and urine if too much or too little , we should pay attention.

6 urine protein and urine occult blood . Occult blood or protein in urine , there is an important indication of kidney illness , urine can be detected. But sometimes non- nephrotic professional doctor will ignore this, it would be best to consult a physician to find kidney .

7 anemia. Patients with anemia often go hematology clinic. In fact , the kidneys excrete wastes in addition to other functions, there is a large signal hormone secretion hematopoietic function is impaired renal function .

8 . Hypertension. Hypertension can cause high blood pressure kidney disease, also known as hypertension, kidney damage, so people who have hypertension should pay more attention. Of course , kidney disease can also cause high blood pressure.

9 gout , hyperuricemia . Gout , hyperuricemia are caused by too much uric acid in the blood , the blood of people with high uric acid , uric acid is deposited in the kidneys , the renal function is impaired .

10. Urinary tract infections. Urinary tract infections are often people who , a long time , it may cause renal insufficiency.

Как снизить уровень креатина и совершенствуй свой функции почек

1, заболевания почек, вызванные гипертония, заболевания почек, вызванные гипертонией или идентификации (например, нефротический синдром, почечная недостаточность, острый гломерулонефрит). Если ни один из бывших гипертензия, недавние олигурия, отеки, протеинурия, она должна рассмотреть возможность большой нефротического синдрома. Болезнь также занным с дислипидемией. (Обратите внимание, чтобы исключить почечную недостаточность). Напротив, по сравнению с гипертонической нефропатией.
2, ваша креатинина уже очень высока, рекомендуется в больницу для лечения.
3, диета: низким содержанием соли, с низким содержанием жира, высокое качество белка.
Живет обратить внимание на еде свет (соль очень важно), съесть нужное количество высококачественного белка, такие как молоко, яйца, рыба. Есть или не есть соевые продукты и рыбу. Есть некоторые травы могут съесть (обязательно под руководством врача, такие как астрагал и кукурузы придется ждать). Целевые падение креатинина еда, кажется, не. Креатинина, скорее всего, отказаться от ряда, но падать медленнее, это длительный процесс.

Device Newly Found To Treat Major Side Effects Of Kidney Transplant For CKD Patients Available

Poor sleep quality and hard-to-control blood pressure are common in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients who have received a Kidney Transplant and can lead to severe complications or eventually cause transplant failure. Studies have shown that 49.1% of Kidney Transplant recipients had difficulty staying asleep while hypertension (high blood pressure) was found to develop in 60% to 80% of CKD patients after Kidney Transplantation. WebMD reported on Tuesday December 10th, 2013 that new research reveals people with "sleep apnea and hard-to-control high blood pressure" can treat both conditions with a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) device. This may be great news for those with CKD, especially individuals who are seeking to protect their Kidney Transplant from failure.

Recommended Reading: The Kidney Transplant Side Effect That No One Tells Chronic Kidney Disease Patients About

The study's lead author, Dr. Miguel-Angel Martinez-Garcia (the Polytechnic University Hospital in Valencia), said, "The prevalence of sleep apnea in patients with resistant [high blood pressure] is very high."  Participants who used the CPAP device for 12 weeks reduced their diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number, measures the pressure in the arteries between beats) and improved their overall nighttime blood pressure, the researchers found.

Recommended Reading: Sleep Disorders are common in Individuals with Kidney Disease on Dialysis





 Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association on December 11th, 2013, the study found that people receiving CPAP lowered their average blood pressure 3.1 mm Hg more than those not receiving CPAP. What's more is that those who were treated with CPAP had a 3.2 mm Hg greater reduction in 24-hour average diastolic blood pressure.

Recommended Reading:The Natural Way For Chronic Kidney Disease Patients To Get A Good Night's Sleep

You may ask yourself, "Why do these complications seem so closely connected?" The simple answer is, "Because they are." Pauses in breathing caused by sleep apnea can disrupt CKD patients and prevent their nocturnal blood pressure from dropping regularly. The CPAP system consists of a motor that pushes air through a tube connected to a mask that fits over a CKD patient's mouth and nose which keeps the airway from closing; allowing continuous sleep and lets blood pressure drop normally.

Recommended Reading: Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Do Not Have To Suffer Sleep Loss

The cost of CPAP machines vary from a few hundred dollars to $1,000, according to Dr. Lee-Chiong, professor at National Jewish Health at the University of Colorado Denver. He further notes that CPAP devices are covered by most insurance, including Medicare. Hence, KidneyBuzz.com encourages all members of the CKD Community who are struggling with sleep apnea and/or hard-to-control hypertension to talk to their Nephrologists about the use of a CPAP device, especially those who have received a Kidney Transplant.

FDA Says Germ-Killing Soap Recommended For CKD Patients Could Actually Pose Severe Health Risks

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported Monday December 16th, 2013 that there is NO EVIDENCE that antibacterial chemicals used in liquid soaps and washes help prevent the spread of germs, and there is some evidence they may even pose health risks. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients are told that they, " should stop using bar soap and use the antibacterial soap in a pump for showers and hand washing." They were also told that there were too many germs left on the bar soap and dialysis centers provide antibacterial soap for its patients.

Recommended Reading: Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Should Be Aware Of Bacteria And "Filth" In Commonly Used Spices

Further, some data suggest that long-term exposure to certain active ingredients used in antibacterial products, for example, triclosan (liquid soaps) and triclocarban (bar soaps) could post health risks, such as bacterial resistance or hormonal effects.

Recommended Reading: C. diff is a Life Threatening Bacteria for those with ESRD

Due to CKD patients' extensive exposure to the ingredients in antibacterial soaps, KidneyBuzz.com believes that there should be a clearly demonstrated benefit from using antibacterial soap to balance any potential risk. Also, readers should note that hand sanitizers, wipes and antibacterial products used in health care settings are not affected.

CKD Patients Should Be Aware That A Frequently Taken Daily Supplement May Be Harmful

With the onset of winter, and cold, damp weather, comes the misery of colds, influenza and other seasonal bugs for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Many patients will utilize vitamin C to ward off seasonal infections, but they should be aware that some supplements which are labeled as "vitamin C" contain a synthetically manufactured chemical derived from glucose (ascorbic acid) instead of natural vitamin C. Synthetic ascorbic acid does not have the same biological properties, and therefore benefits, as true vitamin C found in fruits, berries, vegetables and many other natural sources, and can be harmful for individuals including those with CKD.

Recommended Reading: Are "Natural" Supplement Products Safe and Beneficial for CKD Health?

In general, vitamin C helps the body absorb iron, manufacture collagen, form and repair red blood cells/bones as well as keeps capillary walls and blood vessels firm. It also keeps CKD patients' immune system healthy. However, unnatural vitamin C supplements can bring adverse health consequences which include reacting with iron in food and causing neurological conditions, thickening of the arteries, losing energy and endurance, increasing risk of cardiovascular disease in those with diabetes, and killing "good microbes" in the gut which suppress the immune system.

Recommended Reading: Vitamin Supplements That CKD Patients Should Consider Utilizing And Others To Avoid






The daily recommended intake of vitamin C for people with CKD is 60-100 mg. Although this is achievable when following a balanced, nutritious diet including fruits, vegetables and other natural products; many with CKD must take supplements because of their dietary restrictions. In which case KidneyBuzz.com highly recommends that those with CKD should attempt to avoid negative effects of ascorbic acid by discussing possible supplements with their Nephrologists before beginning a regimen.

What is dialysis?

In medicine , dialysis is primarily used to provide an artificial replacement of lost kidney function ( renal replacement therapy ) due to renal failure. Dialysis may be used for very sick patients who have suddenly but temporarily lost their kidney function ( acute renal failure ) or for quite stable patients who have permanently lost their kidney function ( stage 5 chronic kidney disease ) .

For patients with stage 5 , or end-stage kidney disease ( ESKD ) , kidney function decline occurred over a period of several months to a year until the level has been reached in which the treatment was necessary for survival . Unlike acute renal failure (ARF ) ( Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)), chronic renal failure can not be cured or reversed , and long-term procedures required to replace lost kidney function . Treatment ESKD that most naturally replaces lost kidney function kidney transplant . However , some patients are not good candidates for transplantation due to medical or other reasons , some can not get transplants because not enough donor kidneys, and others have simply decided that transplantation is not the best option for them . As a result , most patients with ESKD must rely on dialysis to replace the water and waste removal functions of a healthy kidney.

The kidneys play an important role in maintaining health. When healthy kidneys maintain internal balance of the body of water and minerals ( sodium , potassium, chloride , calcium, phosphorus , magnesium, sulfate). Those acidic end products of metabolism , the body can not get rid of the breath , and is excreted through the kidneys. The kidneys also function as part of the endocrine system erythropoietin production and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol ( calcitriol ) . Erythropoietin is involved in the production of red blood cells and calcitriol plays a role in bone formation . Dialysis treatment for replacement of imperfect kidney function as it does not correct the endocrine function of the kidneys. Dialysis treatments replace some of these functions through diffusion (waste removal ) and ultrafiltration ( fluid removal ) .

Detailed renal cysts

Renal cyst is an abnormal structural formation rounded, limited connective tissue capsule , which is contained within the fluid. Originally renal cyst develops from one segment of the renal tubules , but with the increase in size and the accumulation of secretions , it is disconnected .

Classification of renal cysts


Distinguish congenital cysts (including genetically determined ) and acquired cysts . Cysts can be single (eg, solitary cyst) and multiple , while in the defeat of one kidney multicystic kidney talking about , and if the pathology affects both kidneys - about polycystic kidney disease . Depending on the nature of

the contents of the cyst may be serous , hemorrhagic or infected ( with the development of the inflammatory process ) . Cysts are also classified based on the location they may be cortical , subcapsular , intraparenhimnymi , okololohanochnymi or multilokulyarnymi .

Acquired renal cyst identified by various sources about 30-40% of patients over the age of 50 years. Polycystic kidney disease , ie multiple bilateral renal damage with its replacement with tissue cysts of varying size is relatively frequent ( women suffer more often than men ) and is

hereditary diseases . Multicystic kidney (unilateral lesion) is a rare anomaly.

Clinical manifestations of kidney cysts
Simple renal cyst single , the dimensions of which are not great , in most cases does not manifest and discovered by chance during the ultrasound. If due to an increase in the size of the cyst begins

compress the ureter or renal pelvis , the patient may appear dull aching pain in the kidney on the affected side .

In the case of accession of infection in a patient , symptoms of pyelonephritis - general weakness , fever , aching pain, palpitations , often painful urination, muscle and joint pain . In a laboratory study, found in the urine leukocytes, erythrocytes may appear and cylinders .

With the development of chronic renal failure in a patient , general weakness , thirst, increased urination, and quickens the amount of urine (polyuria ) , increased blood pressure , red blood cells appear in the urine ( hematuria) . Large cyst may compress not only the renal pelvis or ureter , but also vessels, which eventually leads to ischemia and progressive atrophy of the affected kidney .

diagnostics
When the diagnosis of the patient's complaints are taken into account . When multiple cysts kidney palpation increased in size , have a bumpy surface. Laboratory methods reveal : blood - anemia, decrease in protein content , increased levels of urea and creatinine in the urine - pyuria , hematuria , can be detected hyaline casts , reduced urine specific gravity (a sign of developing chronic renal failure ) .

The main diagnostic method for the detection of renal cysts is a renal ultrasound . It allows the U.S. to establish the site, size , number of cysts , and identifies their relationship to adjacent organs .

If there is a need for additional tests (eg , in the differential diagnosis of kidney tumors ) , contrast radiographic techniques used - angiography, excretory urography . In contrast to tumors, renal cyst appears as avascular zone .

treatment
Single simple renal cyst does not require additional treatment , the patient is recommended annually

undergo screening ( renal ultrasonography ) and avoid hypothermia infectious diseases. The need for treatment arises in the case of complications of the disease - the development of pyelonephritis and chronic renal failure. It should be noted that the possibility of conservative treatment of renal cysts are very limited and can be reduced to compensate for a deviation (inflammation , anemia , hypertension , impaired renal excretory function ) .

For large uncomplicated cysts that compress the surrounding tissue , may conduct discharge cyst puncture ( ignipuncture ) .

According to the testimony also performed husking ( enucleation ) cysts, cysts or kidney resection , in the case of total destruction of cystic kidney removes kidney ( nephrectomy ) followed by kidney transplantation . Recently, these operations are carried out laparoscopic that promotes better portability operations reduce postoperative recovery period , less trauma and reduce the number of postoperative complications.

Renal cyst

causes

In the case when the patient is detected simple cyst renal causes of this disease are mostly unknown. According to experts, this process has acquired character. Usually , cysts detected after trauma, infectious diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. However, 5% of the renal cyst is a congenital anomaly , and it can occur in patients with family genetic heritage .

Symptoms and effects

In the case when the patient has symptoms of renal cyst current condition often depend on its location as well as its size. The most characteristic symptoms include dull pain arising in the lower back or upper quadrant, which intensified after exercise . Also, the patient has hypertension (a symptom of hypertension ) , sometimes progressing to total hematuria . Typically , the tumor detected by palpation .
When you break or festering cyst patients complain of severe pain , and highlights the various inflammatory conditions .

Unfortunately, education cystic kidney often formed without visible patognomichnyh clinical signs , and sometimes for many years does not manifest itself . In this case, the question arises : " Dangerous if a cyst on a kidney ? " It depends on the place of its location, and the size . In some cases, this formation can cause pain , as well as trigger the development of hydronephrosis or pyelonephritis. In 10% of cases of cystic neoplasms entail the development of renal failure.

Treatment of renal cysts

Thus, for diagnostic examination was found a cyst on kidney - what to do? Most cystic neoplasms do not need treatment , but only requires dynamic monitoring . If the occurrence of cysts develop as a result of complications such as acute or chronic pyelonephritis , urolithiasis or renal hypertension genesis patient symptomatic treatment .

To aspirate the contents assigned percutaneous cyst puncture .

Percutaneous puncture with subsequent drainage of cysts of the kidney. In this case, after the puncture in the capsule is inserted into a cyst drainage (for its emptying ) . Thus there is a decrease of the cyst wall and scarring . However, this method is quite dangerous, since in this case there is risk of infection of the kidney.

Laparoscopic excision of symptomatic and recurrent cysts - an alternative to percutaneous puncture or open abdominal surgery . At the present stage is one of the most popular methods that is constantly being improved . Through the introduction of the urology practice of modern laparoscopic equipment have changed the principles of diagnosis and treatment of renal cysts . This technique involves performing radical operations , but it is maloinvazivnogo ( abdominal wall incision is made 3 to 5 mm).

However, in some cases, patients show open surgery . This operation is indicated for festering or cyst rupture , its malignant degeneration , or the detection of cysts that caused the loss of renal parenchyma or renal hypertension . Also, open surgery is necessary in some clinical forms of urolithiasis and stricture UPJ . This surgical technique provides nephrectomy ( removal of the kidney ) , resection , excision of the cyst wall or free her husking .

The prognosis for kidney cysts

Prognosis in patients with congenital renal cysts: if the process of bilateral, dysplastic kidney disease multikistoznaya incompatible with life. More characteristic of unilateral or segmental lesion that is diagnosed prenatally another using ultrasound.

The prognosis for genetic kidney cysts

Prognosis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: patients with polycystic kidney over 30 years developing renal failure in 45% of patients older than 60 years of developing end-stage renal failure. One-third of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease as a result of kidney failure killed, another third of patients die as a result of complications during evolved hypertensive nephropathy, and 6-10% of patients die as a result of established subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Prognosis in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney newborns diagnosed with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney often die within 6 weeks as a result of respiratory and renal failure. If patients survive, they have a 80% chance of living to 15 years. Development of severe renal failure in one third of patients with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney observed to 5 years of life, and almost 100% of patients to 20 years.
The prognosis for medullary cystic disease and medullary cystic kidney disease: patients with medullary cystic disease and medullary cystic kidney disease progressing renal failure, usually within 5-10 years from the date of diagnosis.
Weather in systemic diseases associated with kidney cysts: more than 40% of patients with the disease syndrome Von Hippel-Lindau developing renal cell carcinoma, which is the leading cause of death.

The prognosis for acquired renal cysts:

Weather in acquired cystic kidney disease. Acquired cystic kidney disease progresses, while the patient is on hemodialysis. Often the disease regresses after transplantation, but is associated with a more aggressive tumor progression of kidney, resulting in reduced immunity patients after transplantation.
Medullary sponge kidney and simple cysts and usually have a favorable prognosis is not progressive.

To know and remember, if you have a genetic kidney disease should be consulted before planning child geneticists to determine the risk of a genetic kidney disease in your child. Thus, in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease risk for the disease in subsequent offspring is 50%. In autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, it is important to remember that all the offspring will be a carrier of the disease. Parents of children with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease should be aware that these children have a 25% chance of getting sick, and 50% as carriers of the gene.

Creatinine

Creatinine - the end product of creatine phosphate reaction. Creatinine is produced in the muscle and subsequently released into the blood . Creatinine is involved in energy metabolism in muscle and other tissues. Creatinine excreted in the urine excreted by the kidneys , therefore creatinine ( the amount in the blood) - an important indicator of renal activity .
The content of creatinine in the blood depends on the amount of muscle mass , however the rate for males creatinine is typically higher than in women. Since the amount of muscle tissue does not change quickly , the level of creatinine in the blood - the value sufficiently constant.
Norma serum creatinine :
Women : 44.0-80.0 mmol / l;
Men : 62.0-106.0 mmol / l;
Children under 1 year: 18-35 mmol / L ;
Children from 1 to 14 years: 27-62 mmol / l .
Daily excretion of creatinine in the urine :
men : 8,8-17,7 mmol ( 1.0-2.0 g )
women : 7,1-15,9 mmol ( 0.8-1.8 g )
High creatinine - plentiful component meat diet (if elevated in blood and urine) , renal insufficiency (if only increased in the blood) . Creatinine level increases with dehydration , muscle damage exertion. Low level observed with reduced consumption of meat , vegetarian diet and fasting , in I and II trimesters of pregnancy . High creatinine level may indicate an increased risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in rengenokontrastnyh studies