Chronic renal failure - Symptoms and Treatment

Chronic renal failure (CRF ) is a complex of symptoms caused by a sharp decrease in the number of nephrons and decrease their function. These changes lead to impaired renal function , homeostasis , acid-base balance and metabolic disorders . Disrupted the activities of all organs and systems .

Renal function depends on the several components:

renal blood flow ,
glomerular filtration
renal tubules , performing the function of concentration due to reabsorption and secretion of ions and water.
CRF is a gradual basis destruction of nephrons , which are the working units of the kidneys. While the remaining nephrons have to work with the increased load , as a result they are also subject to change and destruction.

Compensatory ability of the kidney is large enough : only 10% of the nephrons can maintain fluid and electrolyte balance . But already in the early stages of CKD varies electrolyte composition of the blood , there is its acidification ( acidosis) , the body retained products of protein metabolism .

causes

By CKD can lead many chronic kidney disease , urinary tract and other organs :

primary lesion of renal glomeruli ( glomerulosclerosis , chronic glomerulonephritis );
primary lesion tubules ( oxaluria hereditary , chronic intoxication with cadmium , lead, mercury , chronic hypercalcemia );
secondary lesion tubules (chronic pyelonephritis );
abnormalities of the urinary system (polycystic hypoplasia of kidneys, ureter anomaly structure );
drug nephritis;
Diseases resulting in obstruction of the urinary tract ( urolithiasis, tumors of the bladder neck stricture , urethra, prostate adenoma or cancer , bladder );
systemic collagen ( scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis) ;
metabolic disease (gout , diabetes, hyperparathyroidism ) .
Morphological pattern of CRF to some extent dependent on the underlying disease , but almost always there is a replacement of renal parenchymal connective tissue.