Older people with end-stage pneumonia - Pathogenesis

End-stage patients with pneumonia in the elderly as much. With increasing age , the degeneration of the respiratory system structure, function and respiratory mechanics , upper respiratory humidification dysfunction, decreased ability expectoration , particularly cerebrovascular disease, patients with swallowing reflex and cough reflex of consciousness stimulation thresholds were significantly increased , throat dysfunction, sleep prone to aspiration pneumonia caused by aspiration . Nasogastric tube stimulation by the patient can also lead to vomiting, aspiration pneumonia . Therefore, in end-stage pneumonia , aspiration pneumonia occupies considerable proportion. There is also partly due to low immunity , bacteria from other parts of the body through the blood into the lungs , causing lung infections , including fungi. Final year-end due to pneumonia often old expectoration diminished capacity , or because of disturbance of consciousness, no satisfactory sputum samples , and thus the pathogen is not clear and more cases of pneumonia than the general , general damage to the immune factors associated with susceptibility to certain pathogens relationship. Caused by the abnormal T cell immunity in patients with end-stage damage to susceptible Listeria , Mycobacterium , slave card spp, Salmonella ( except typhoid outside ) , Legionella , fungi including Cryptococcus neoformans , Histoplasma capsulatum , Mucor , coccidioidomycosis . Viruses include cytomegalovirus , herpes zoster virus , herpes simplex virus . Pneumocystis carinii parasites including worms, stercoralis . B cell abnormalities caused by the immune damage in patients with end-stage primary infection bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae . Agranulocytosis in patients with primary infection Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella , Serratia , and other Gram-positive bacteria, fungi. Splenectomy in patients with end-stage susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus , Haemophilus influenzae , Escherichia coli . Hormone or bacterial infection of cytotoxic drugs in patients with end-stage Staphylococcus aureus , Listeria monocytogenes , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, cytomegalovirus , herpes zoster virus, Pneumocystis carinii insects, Toxoplasma , stercoralis . Barrier damage and end-stage patients intubated with various primary infection Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa .