Nephritis diet recipe is what

Nephritis patients more and more, a method of treating nephritis is gradually increasing, but still used in traditional Chinese medicine treatment methods more with fewer side effects , and we all know what diet nephritis remedies do ? Address this problem we all want to know we take a look at the article 's description of it .

The following are the experts on what diet remedies nephritis introduction.

1 ) carp, black carp take a 1-1.5 kilograms , washed laparotomy intestinal mixed , with Wong cementing , put charcoal in the calcined baking , as soon as the white smoke out, leave to cool, powder is scattered. Three times a day , each time 2 tablespoons warm water , served as one , avoid salt . The party eliminate edema better. For cold Fanfei acute nephritis , triple burner qi stagnation and spleen deficiency nephritis , moisture spread type .

2 ) Corn, Corn 100 grams , add water 1000 ml , boiling for 20-30 minutes , boiled 300-400 ml of liquid , after filtration , the daily 2 pm service . The party is suitable for taking high blood pressure and edema , acute nephritis can be used to heat the wind Yu Lung , poisoning caused Accumulation type of kidney or liver and chronic nephritis , liver yang .

3 ) ebony, ebony charcoal, daily 3 g , 2 times service . Serving seven , eight weeks . The side effects of the elimination of urine protein is still good , can be used for spleen and kidney deficiency nephritis , essence and blood deficiency type , which is a common therapeutic nephritis remedies .

Nephritis diet recipe

4 ) Chine , Chine is the best diuretics . With fresh Chine 60 g ( dry 30 g ) decoction frequency service. Suitable for edema, hematuria patients. Wind and heat can be used in acute nephritis Yu Lung , poisoning caused Accumulation Type . Hot meat poison attack , spleen and kidney yang yin blood burns and chronic nephritis , moisture spread type .

5 ) black sesame seeds, black sesame fried after powder , sugar boiled water. Can be used for chronic nephritis disease for a long roadway Deficiency person.

6 ) melon , melon 500 grams , soup bowl 3 , 3 service points . Hot Yu Lung , and poisoning caused by toxic heat Accumulation Type the attack for acute nephritis wind, overcast burns blood , this recipe is very useful therapeutic nephritis hope you timely treatment of nephritis .

7 ) significant edema , decreased urine output who should eat carrots, melon , gourd, bean , beans , fish , bamboo shoots , watermelon strong diuretic effect of the goods ; urine red blood cells who should eat shepherd's purse , eggplant , peanuts hemostatic effect of benevolence, rhizome , lotus and other things even sections ; nephritis accompanied by high blood pressure , should eat jellyfish , celery, spinach , tomatoes, the ear , fresh corn , water chestnuts and other antihypertensive effect of food .

By telling the above , I believe we should understand what diet remedies nephritis , once we have found the symptoms of nephritis , we hope this approach should prompt treatment of nephritis , allowing the patient to get rid of injuries diseases.

To promote the cause of occult nephritis

I believe everyone is familiar with the nephritis, know that it is a common disease , but for occult nephritis is not very understanding , so do not know when sick , only to find that the prevalence of serious illness , to increase treatment great difficulties . So what prompted the cause of occult nephritis have it? Learn to be more patient , and only know the reason to take preventive measures to avoid illness .

Notable feature is the duration of occult nephritis lingering , pathological changes in patients with diverse clinical manifestations less a kidney disease. Generally do not have edema , hypertension and other symptoms of nephritis , renal function does not produce any change , occult nephritis clinical manifestations are abnormal urine , mostly when other diseases or medical advice to only occasionally found . Occult nephritis cause is unknown , might as streptococcus , the immune response of other bacteria, caused by some bacteria or virus -induced kidney damage, according to renal biopsy pathology occult nephritis may have mesangial cell proliferation membrane , mesangial proliferative focal glomerulosclerosis and other types.



To promote the cause of occult nephritis what occult nephritis is in medicine , " hematuria " , "Consumption " and other areas . Fluid and blood can not think on their own , thanks to promote heart qi , the temper of the commander and kidney astringent in order through the line in turn, spread in the body. If Firelight Motomori down in the small intestine or spleen deficiency, unifying weakness, the cereal essence and blood injection vent under ; or factor deficiency complex sense of body heat evils , humid Accumulation coke , burns blood contact ; or labor injury in the kidney, kidney failure sealing possession ; or chronic illness cause damage to Yin wang, the virtual fire blazing , burning Tianjin Shangyin, contact broken and bleeding , to the late , and often both stranded bleeding , the blood does not follow through and spills that stemming the flow of Yin and subtle than the long-term .

Understanding the cause of occult nephritis is very important. When the immune complex deposition in the glomerular basement membrane zone , due to ischemia and hypoxia caused by inflammation , so that damage to the basement membrane , basement membrane pore size increases, thus reducing the basement membrane filtration function , the body from the base of macromolecules membrane with urine leakage , this time also with the leakage of hemoglobin and red blood cells , thus forming a commonly known proteinuria, hematuria. We have to understand these issues in a timely manner .

There we should pay attention to the outside world after the invasion of the body by the disorder and internal environment , disorder occurs when the immune response , thereby generating some diseases deposition in the kidney , the kidney disease will lead to the occurrence of nephritis , which occurred in the inflammatory response. This is also the reason the incidence of occult nephritis . We want to make life care.

What do suffer from nephritis check

1 Urine:

Or trace urine protein is generally a small amount . If the urine protein > 3.0/24 hours, the disease may prompt non . Urine may have a small amount of red blood cells and white blood cells. If you find helpful in the diagnosis WBC casts , but not specific to the disease .

(2) Urine culture :

The positive rate is low , and sometimes need to be repeated to check for a positive result. Patients with negative urine culture can be found in about 20% of puree strain , the Department of pathogens in antimicrobial drugs , antibodies and other effects , in order to adapt to the adverse environmental and obtain a variation of the ability to survive , although membrane rupture but the quality is still puree , once again enabling environment to breed . Urine culture and antibody-coated bacteria in the urine test positive after sterilization bladder to help diagnose the disease , according to which the phase identification and cystitis .

3 renal function tests :

Usually have renal tubular dysfunction ( urinary dysfunction concentration , phenol red excretion rate decreased , etc.) , may have urinary sodium , urinary potassium excretion increased , metabolic acidosis ; oliguria potassium can be increased. Late glomerular dysfunction, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased, and lead to uremia.

4.X -ray contrast :

Visible deformation of the renal pelvis , irregular or even shrink next film .

Health Net slightly warm to remind you: nephritis must do careful examination , so as to find out whether they have a kidney condition, if there would be a timely kidney, otherwise the sicker sex life makes men when impotence , premature ejaculation and other phenomena, even induce severe uremia .

What is a 24-hour urine protein detection

What is a 24-hour urine protein test? For kidney patients, urinary protein should not be unfamiliar, and 24-hour urine protein checks or 24-hour urine protein excretion, renal disease is checked during inspection methods frequently used. Here we come to a full understanding about the 24-hour urine protein checks, we want to help.
[24-hour urine protein checks]
24-hour urinary protein excretion is the collection of discharged within 24 hours to do all the qualitative urine test a urine test methods.
24-hour urinary protein excretion in the "24-hour urine" is a good time to drain and clean the morning after urinating, urine from the beginning of the second stay. Then look at a few points in mind at the time, this time until the next day for 24 hours. This, every time all the urine within 24 hours, are placed in a container, mix well, then extracted from the middle of 100 to 200 ml, to get to the hospital for testing.
Under normal circumstances, only by glomerular filtration membrane smaller molecular weight substances. Normal urinary protein per day is generally 40-80 mg protein content by qualitative test this method generally can not be detected. When suffering from certain diseases, protein leakage increased urinary protein can be detected. So reports the results of urine protein is roughly 24-hour urine protein test can accurately measure the amount of protein excreted in the urine.
To accurately measured 24-hour urinary protein excretion, 0800 - when the urine within the bladder emptied and discarded, start time, the 24 hours of urine discharged all stored in a container (including the next morning 8:00 quasicleavage the urine), all sent checks. If a bowel movement within these 24 hours, also stressed that the first solution of urine collection, and bowel movement. Also do not miss a small amount of urine.
Urine collection is not complete, the calculation of the amount of protein in the urine is not accurate. Before the first detection of the amount of the total amount of urine cup, then stir well, remove a small cup of measuring the amount of protein per 100 ml, and then calculated based on the actual amount of urine, can count the amount of protein for 24 hours. In short, we must accurately measured 24-hour urine protein, urine must be accurate collection day, the total amount of urine detection portion is mixed, and make it more representative.
Because this test is to calculate the absolute value of urinary protein, and water intake has little to do, so do not need to restrict water and measured the day of food intake, eating as usual will do.

High protein urine of pregnant women how it was

Pregnancy is a very happy moment for every woman , but a pregnant woman will be relatively weaker physique , and some pregnant women will be checked when the phenomenon of high urine protein , a lot of people are baffled. So, high protein urine of pregnant women is how it happened? Following on from the experts we conducted a detailed answer to this problem now !
Compared to normal pregnant women , the chance of urinary protein appears to be much larger , but many pregnant women in the face of this situation , I do not know how else high protein urine of pregnant women . In this case, we want to know how high protein urine of pregnant women going on ? Urine of pregnant women is due to the high protein caused by a urinary tract infection , it is necessary to know.
After understanding that some pregnant women often have high urinary protein phenomenon , then the urine of pregnant women high protein how it happened? Fact , pregnant women are generally high urine protein urinary tract infection, the available rich in phytonutrients , anti- oxidant food to nourish the immune conditioning immune system function , improve immunity, help the body resist the invasion of cells and viruses , remove body waste toxins and restore health .
Pregnant women may also be said that in itself may be suffering from occult nephritis , a situation of pregnant women there is a certain risk , has little effect on the fetus. Recommended that patients should first check a 24 urine protein, protein in the end to see how much , if severe , in a stable situation, you can do further checks under the child sir.
Clear how high protein urine of pregnant women going after pregnancy must be closely observing blood pressure, renal function and urinary protein diet must be light, salt , not tired , more intake of quality protein , the better to avoid the edible protein , beans products ( although soy nutrition is high, but for the patient 's urine protein is not fit for human consumption ) if there is an emergency situation, it may need to interrupt the pregnancy at any time .

Early symptoms of kidney disease

Early symptoms of kidney disease in several cases , back pain, hematuria , urinary abnormalities and swelling. In addition to edema , the other three are not particularly obvious manifestations , renal always obvious from the performance of some of the symptoms of serious illness occurs later , understanding and knowledge of the early symptoms of kidney disease manifested daily life more attention to some of the relevant information, more attention to their health , for early detection of kidney disease , early disease out of trouble very helpful .
Early symptoms of kidney disease manifestations one: back pain
Low back pain is a manifestation of the symptoms of kidney disease , kidney disease , but usually no obvious back pain patients often express , or find nephritis after feeling faint back pain , lumbar thought it was sick , will feel back pain . In fact, this back pain and kidney stones great as pyelonephritis, back pain , back pain kidney nephritis , mostly on one side , and back pain and more severe manifestations of kidney stones radiate to the inner thigh .
Early symptoms of kidney disease II: hematuria
1000-2000 ml of normal voiding daily average of 1500 ml , urine becomes either more or fewer , may be the performance of renal disease. In particular, the normal nocturnal rarely , if found to be up several times at night , but not much water to drink before going to bed , but also to guard against kidney disease . Part of the disease , such as iga nephropathy , is in the early hematuria occurred.
Hematuria is divided into two types, namely, gross hematuria and microscopic hematuria , microscopic hematuria is not visible with the naked eye , and only have red blood cells under a microscope . If there is gross hematuria the urine inside the red blood cells , says there are a lot. Of course , not necessarily nephritis with hematuria , in addition, to pay more under lesbian hematuria is not caused concern for the menstrual period.
Early symptoms of kidney disease manifestations III: urinary abnormalities
Normal urine color is pale yellow and transparent , drink less or if the first morning urination , slightly darker color . If the urine redness, or urine of foam , pay attention to check Nephrology .
Early symptoms of kidney disease four: edema
The kidney is the organ of the body water metabolism , kidney bad, the water will accumulate . Some people find that morning eyelid edema, or feet , legs swollen , should consider the issue of the kidney. Specific performance is central swollen eyelids , face, scrotum and other relatively loose , this will lower limb edema , generalized edema when tension is also a small number of people may have ascites. The face of the small wrinkles disappear , tiny wrinkles around the eye is swollen and disappeared due . Department of the lower leg with your fingers to press , finger pressure depression , long before the restoration ; early pregnancy leg edema, increased blood pressure, protein in urine and other produce .
In addition to the above mentioned , some of the more serious may occur in patients with nephrotic syndrome , loss of appetite , fatigue, anemia and other symptoms. Given detect early kidney disease can be cured of the facts , so if you find a similar situation mentioned above , given immediately to the hospital for a check -related , not diseases , such as when the discovery was too late.

Cause rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis cause

Cause of disease
Cause rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis has the following diseases.

( A ) primary glomerular disease
1 Primary diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis
(1) Ⅰ type : IgG linear deposition ( anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated ) .
(2) Ⅱ type : IgG granular deposition ( immune complex-mediated ) .
(3) Ⅲ type : little or no deposition of Ig 's ( lack of immune response ) .
( 4 ) anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) -induced ( vasculitis ) .
2 secondary to other primary glomerulonephritis membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis ( especially in type Ⅱ ) , membranous glomerulonephritis associated with additional anti-basement membrane nephritis , IgA nephritis ( rare ) .

(B ) associated with sepsis and chronic infectious diseases, acute glomerulonephritis, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, acute or subacute endocarditis , visceral lesions caused by suppurative .
Other infections: shunt nephritis , nephritis, hepatitis B virus , human immunodeficiency virus infection ( ? )

(C ) with multi-system disease systemic lupus erythematosus marks sores, pulmonary hemorrhage - nephritic syndrome , allergic purpura, disseminated as necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis , allergic vasculitis and other types of mixed cryoglobulinemia , rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis, malignancies and recurrent polychondritis go far .

(D ) the drug penicillamine , hydralazine , allopurinol and rifampin .

What is the occult glomerulonephritis?

Acute rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (referred to as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis) is a group of progression of the disease onset, proteinuria, hematuria, edema, hypertension and other symptoms in a few days, or a sharp deterioration in the next few months several weeks, oliguria, no urine, renal failure, glomerular nephritis poor prognosis in general. The disease diagnosis must rely on biopsy, the diagnosis is the most important body stuffed in a large crescent renal capsule, accounting for more than 50% of glomerular involvement, accompanied by glomerular capillary regional fiber necrosis, ischemia and thrombosis , mesangial matrix, renal tubular necrosis, renal interstitial fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and other changes. Immunofluorescence this disease is divided into three types: Ⅰ type of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody nephritis, showed IgG and complement C3 was deposited along the lines like the glomerular capillary wall; Ⅱ type of immune complex-type nephritis, showed IgG and C3 along mesometrium capillary walls showed granular deposition; Ⅲ type of glomerular no IgG deposition, or IgG deposition in glomeruli is an irregular sparse focal deposition, with the former difference between the two. The disease with poor prognosis and high mortality, 5-year survival rate of about 25%.

IgA nephropathy will develop chronic renal failure do?

 IgA nephropathy will develop chronic renal failure do? IgA nephropathy is a special type of glomerulonephritis, pathological changes : differences in the extent of the lesion is large, early lesions minor , were focal , only a few have mild glomerular Department film and stage widened hyperplasia , focal proliferative changes may develop focal sclerosis. IgA nephropathy in renal fibrosis if not treated at an early increase, finally becoming chronic renal failure.
There are significant regional differences in the prognosis of IgA nephropathy , while closely associated with the clinical manifestations and pathological changes. Most of the slow progress of the disease . With IgA nephropathy prognostic factors are: 1 , male patients , older age of onset and poor prognosis . 2 , persistent microscopic hematuria with proteinuria compared with poor prognosis of recurrent hematuria 3 , moderate to severe proteinuria often prompt severe glomerular lesions will eventually develop renal insufficiency , poor prognosis. 4 , hypertension particularly difficult to control hypertension renal damage prompted heavy , poor prognosis , rapid decline in renal function . However, most patients with renal dysfunction speed inconsistent. 5 , a great impact on the prognosis of pathological changes . Serious proliferation, glomerular sclerosis, crescent formation , capillary wall damage , interstitial fibrosis and vascular damage is an indication of poor prognosis of IgA nephropathy .
IgA deposition site and the prognosis is related to the glomerular capillary wall has IgA deposition than those purely mesangial IgA deposition by pathological changes in weight , the prognosis is poor. Fibronectin deposition with poor prognosis . Chronic Renal Failure Chronic renal means or chronic kidney disease involving the kidney caused by systemic disease decreased , and various clinical symptoms and the resulting metabolic disorders consisting syndrome.
IgA nephropathy will develop chronic renal failure do ? IgA nephropathy will develop chronic renal failure, just a matter of time , with these factors. Adult children with chronic renal failure, much higher than the common , mostly with diagnosed 10 - 20 years later. Therefore , IgA nephropathy kidney to early to the regular hospital for kidney treatment guidelines science.

Renal insufficiency - warning signal

Renal insufficiency patients with chronic kidney disease is worsening a late stage of progress . Clinically, patients with chronic kidney disease when entering the stage of renal insufficiency , due to the different clinical presenting symptoms and clinical laboratory indicators on , will be divided into decompensated renal insufficiency , decompensated stage renal failure and uremia period . No matter what stage of renal insufficiency , early renal insufficiency, renal insufficiency or advanced stages of the disease is not formed overnight , it is the result of long-term effects of various risk factors . Study confirmed the lack of sensory nerves in the kidneys , so often feel everything is normal after patients suffering from kidney disease. So, when severe anemia , nausea, vomiting and other symptoms , the patient lives have been in danger .
Although the development of kidney disease are more secretive, but in the early renal dysfunction , the body will still appear warning signal -
Drowsiness , fatigue , pale yellow, poor appetite, these symptoms are suffering from kidney dysfunction early manifestations of the disease , almost 100% of the patients will appear, but it is the most easily overlooked performance. When this occurs , it is often linked together with fatigue . So be sure to always go to the hospital to check kidney function.
Because high blood pressure kidney excretion function, impaired renal function , the body will occur sodium and water retention, in addition , when the kidneys secrete a number of substances increase blood pressure . Therefore , there will be early uremic patients showed 90% of people with hypertension .
Edema , urine output change is a relatively easy to perceive this phenomenon, also advanced symptoms of renal failure , only early in the ankle and eyelid edema, followed by the development of persistent or generalized edema. Patients, such as facial swelling occurs , urine foam increased, the color deepened , kidney pain , urinary discomfort and other symptoms should promptly seek kidney specialist advice. However, most patients with early CKD do not have any symptoms, but found in the examination , so regular laboratory tests of urine, easy, fast , inexpensive, most CKD patients can be found in urine .
Once the early signs of renal dysfunction , should go to regular hospital diagnosis or consult with your physician to find a professional in order to timely diagnosis and early rehabilitation .

Renal insufficiency - concurrent disease

Renal insufficiency may occur complications are:
( 1 ) infection is the most common and serious complication , more common in severe trauma, burns due to high decomposition acute renal failure.
( 2 ) cardiovascular complications, including cardiac arrhythmias , heart failure , pericarditis , hypertension , etc.
( 3 ) the performance of the nervous system complications, headache, drowsiness , muscle convulsions, coma , seizures and so on. Neurological complications and retention in the body of toxins and water intoxication , electrolyte imbalance and acid-base balance disorders.
( 4 ) digestive complications manifested as anorexia , nausea, vomiting rugged , bloating, vomiting blood or blood in the stool , bleeding due to gastrointestinal mucosal erosions or ulcers caused by stress .
( 5 ) hematologic complications sharply decreased due to renal function , reduced erythropoietin can thus cause anemia, but most are not serious. Few cases due to reduced clotting factors, may have a bleeding tendency .
( 6 ) electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis , hyperkalemia may occur , hyponatremia and severe acidosis , is one of the most dangerous complications of incomplete renal function .
In the urine of patients with daily urine output of up to 3000-5000ml, due to discharge large amounts of water and electrolytes , there may be dehydration, hypokalemia , hyponatremia , etc. , if you do not replenish , patients can die from severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance .

Clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure

Clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure is very complex, mainly for metabolic disorders and various symptoms. Both can be causal , worse , mainly as follows:

    A gastrointestinal manifestations of this disease first appeared as the most common and prominent symptoms exacerbated with disease progression . Gastrointestinal symptoms are increased urea decomposed by bacteria into ammonia and ammonium carbonate stimulated by the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract , but also with increased levels of gastrointestinal peptide hormones and metabolic disorder caused by the decreased mucosal barrier mechanism . Early loss of appetite, bloating , and nausea, vomiting , hiccups and diarrhea. Patients with advanced oral urine odor , accompanied by oral mucosal erosions ulcers , parotid gland enlargement can even serious gastrointestinal bleeding. Often accompanied by stomach, duodenum inflammation or ulceration .

    2 . The spirit of early neurological symptoms were fatigue , dizziness , difficulty concentrating , memory loss and sleep disorders and other symptoms , and thus there is apathy , speech reduced consciousness, unconscious movement of limbs , etc. ; late uremic encephalopathy, drowsiness , delirium , hallucinations , stupor, coma until incontinence . Peripheral neuropathy manifested as skin burning sensation , numbness , " restless legs" and so on. Enhanced neuromuscular excitability , manifested as muscle cramps and convulsions. Some patients may have autonomic dysfunction , manifested as orthostatic hypotension, sweating and neurogenic bladder disorders .

    3 . Blood system performance when serum creatinine greater than 309.4μmoL / L, the vast majority of patients with anemia , usually the normal form , are pigmented anemia. And with renal function into - further exacerbated decline . The main causes of renal anemia and renal secretion of erythropoietin (EPO) to reduce , inhibit erythropoiesis substances exist in blood , red blood cells shortened life expectancy, lack of blood substances ( iron and folic acid deficiency ) , aluminum intoxication , infection and so on. Bleeding is also very common, manifested as subcutaneous bleeding , epistaxis , menorrhagia , and gastrointestinal bleeding. Bleeding tendency and prolonged bleeding time , increased platelet destruction and dysfunction, as well as a variety of coagulation factor abnormalities related. White blood cell count were normal , some patients may have neutropenia or lymphopenia .

    4 . Hypertension is very common symptoms of the cardiovascular system , the degree of severity can vary , generally systolic and diastolic blood pressure were increased, the occurrence of severe hypertensive encephalopathy . Pericarditis occurs when symptoms are severe uremia , called uremic pericarditis , often have severe left chest pain onset , often pericardial friction rub , pericardial tamponade can occur in severe cases , the exact cause is unknown , some of the uremic toxins . Uremic cardiomyopathy often occurs in patients with advanced , its mechanism and anemia , hypertension, excessive load capacity , hypoxia , acidosis, electrolyte metabolism, energy metabolism , parathyroid hormone and cardiac toxin molecular substances related to clinical manifestations have an enlarged heart , a variety of arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Heart failure is a common cause of death of uremia , excessive loading capacity is the most common factor , in addition to hypertension , heart disease , arrhythmia, severe anemia and so on. Chronic renal failure patients due to lipid metabolism disorders , atherosclerosis , ischemic heart disease incidence has increased.

    5. Respiratory manifestations of metabolic acidosis often have shortness of breath . Or even Kussmaul breathing. Metabolites retention and immune function easily with respiratory tract infections , can be expressed as bronchitis , pneumonia, pleurisy, pleural effusion . Interstitial pneumonia is more common , x -ray examination shows the typical person hilar butterfly-shaped shadow on both sides , called " uremic lung ."

    6. Motion system performance uremic myopathy , proximal muscle involvement common. Renal osteodystrophy very common , referred to renal osteodystrophy , including renal rickets , renal bone softening disease , fibrous osteitis , osteoporosis , bone sclerosis , metastatic calcification , and other performance. Few clinical symptoms of bone disease , few showed bone pain, difficulties in walking .

    7 . Endocrine disorders can occur , endocrine disorders and chronic renal renin - angiotensin , prolactin and gastrin hypersecretion, thyroid-stimulating hormone , testosterone, cortisol, lower than normal , thyroid, hypogonadism , male lack of sexual desire and impotence, women with advanced renal failure may occur amenorrhea , infertility. Insulin , glucagon , and parathyroid hormone , such as its role in renal failure may be extended .

    8. Protein , carbohydrate and fat metabolism in chronic renal failure often has negative nitrogen balance. Low levels of essential amino acids , normal or low fasting glucose , impaired glucose tolerance is often diminished, often elevated triglyceride levels , low and low-density lipoprotein also increased.

    9. Immune dysfunction, reducing the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes , a variety of lymphocyte subsets and functional abnormalities . Produce immunoglobulin deficiency , immune dysfunction , easy with respiratory , urinary tract and skin infections , likely to develop sepsis.

    10. Skin symptoms pale complexion , dark stagnation , mild swelling sense , the performance of uremia face. Dry skin, scaling , dull, pigmentation. Common intractable skin itching , and urea cream and calcium calm and so on. Sometimes bruising , itching and lowered immunity due , prone to cause purulent skin infections.

    11. Water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of performance
    ( 1 ) excessive loss of water or water : water metabolism in normal kidney can perform a wide range of adjustment. When renal failure due to poor concentration function , nocturia , polyuria , with anorexia , vomiting , diarrhea, can lead to dehydration, poor drainage due to renal , drinking water or improper fluid , prone to water retention , manifested as edema , hypertension , heart failure , and even serious consequences pulmonary edema, cerebral edema occur.
    ( 2 ) hyponatremia and hypernatremia : Due to vomiting, diarrhea, loss of too much sodium , reduce tubular sodium reabsorption , prone to hyponatremia , manifested as fatigue, anorexia. Severe hypotension and even coma. When such a sudden increase in sodium intake , prone to water and sodium retention , hypertension, edema and heart failure.
    ( 3 ) potassium and hypokalemia : oliguric renal excretion of potassium decreased. Increased body catabolism , metabolic acidosis extracellular K + to transfer, use retention of potassium-sparing diuretics or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors , can cause severe hyperkalemia. Manifested as lethargy, severe arrhythmias , or even cardiac arrest . If you eat less , potassium intake , nausea . Vomiting, diarrhea, and long-term application of potassium- sparing diuretics . Prone to hypokalemia. Manifested as fatigue, weakness , abdominal distension , limb paralysis. In severe cases of serious arrhythmias and respiratory muscle paralysis .
    ( 4 ) hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia : renal failure renal tissue can not generate active vitamin D3, reducing the absorption of calcium from the intestine , which occurred hypocalcemia. A little boat symptoms . Just in time to correct the acidosis with sodium bicarbonate to reduce free calcium and precipitating tetany . Nephron hyperphosphatemia appears to reduce phosphorus excretion . Hyperphosphatemia can increase blood calcium and phosphorus product . Hypocalcemia make PTH secretion, prone to renal osteodystrophy , metastatic calcification .
    ( 5 ) Hypermagnesemia : renal failure due to renal excretion of magnesium reduced, while the intestinal absorption of magnesium is still normal . Can cause hypermagnesemia . Manifested as fatigue, skin flushing , burning and so on. Severe hypomagnesemia may occur with severe symptoms of respiratory and cardiac paralysis.
    ( 6 ) metabolic acidosis : chronic renal failure due to the following reasons caused metabolic acidosis ;
    ① renal failure metabolites such as phosphoric acid , sulfuric acid and other acidic substances acetoacetate barriers due to renal excretion retention ;
    ② tubular secretion of hydrogen ions function is impaired , resulting in hydrogen, sodium ion exchange reduced, thus making hydrogen retention and re-absorption of sodium bicarbonate can be lost in the urine ;
    ③ tubular cell manufacturing capacity to reduce ammonia , uric acid dysfunction, alkali salt can not be retained . Mild metabolic acidosis usually no clinical symptoms, blood poisoning, severe PH decreased acid anion gap was significantly higher than normal , patients with fatigue, anorexia , nausea, vomiting , abdominal pain , headache , irritability , appeared deep and long breath . In severe cases, coma , heart failure , decreased blood pressure and cardiac arrest.

How to treat diabetic nephropathy, how to deal properly with uremia caused by chest

How to treat diabetic nephropathy , kidney serious harm to each male patients , so treatment of kidney disease is significant, experts on how to treat kidney disease for a detailed exposition of the treatment of a variety of programs nephropathy , including sports medicine health care and medication, diet and other aspects and a method of preventing nephropathy.


How to treat diabetic nephropathy, kidney disease, uremia caused due to renal failure , resulting in the normal metabolism of toxic substances can not remove the cause of the disease. A variety of symptoms of uremia , which is a common chest suffocation symptoms of uremia , here we come to find out, in uremic patients in daily life should be how to deal with this common symptoms of uremia .

How to treat diabetic nephropathy, uremia patients with chest distress is due to the following reasons: First, the heart qi heart yang deficiency, Ling Yang weak at heart the chest on the water and gas . Second evils Fanfei , not lung , phlegm obstruct the lung . Whether uremic patients what causes chest tightness , suffocation phenomenon of life and health have caused a serious threat. So, pay attention to such symptoms of uremia .

How to treat diabetic nephropathy, uremia patients with more severe anemia . Accompanied by severe anemia , hemoglobin can be reduced in patients 30 to 40 g / l , due to lack of oxygen-carrying patients with chest breath , chest tightness, suffocation after transfusion can be significantly improved . Uremic patients when lung infection , pulmonary function is limited on the one hand , and the other with respect to induce heart failure, these two factors can cause chest tightness, suffocation . Infected patients from hypothermia, upper respiratory symptoms , blood , X-ray and other aspects of perceived . After an active anti-infection, chest tightness, suffocation can be significantly improved. Uremic patients with acute heart failure , especially heart failure, acute exacerbation of breath , chest tightness and more severe . Common predisposing factor is the lung infection , another infusion of too much too fast can trigger so actively against the relevant factors and measures with a strong heart , chest distress can be alleviated. Just one breath , chest tightness uremic symptoms, so in order to completely cure uremia , timely treatment is necessary , select the correct and effective method of treatment.

How to treat diabetic nephropathy, nephropathy treatment takes a long time, usually must be 6-18 months continue. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the patient and the physician to the patient how common treatment options for patients . Different responses to treatment for each patient , with a particular treatment may not be suitable for everyone.

Six principles of early prevention of chronic kidney disease

Currently, the worldwide incidence of chronic kidney disease showed an increasing momentum , and the public on the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease is generally lacking. This situation led to the early stages of chronic kidney disease from worsening progression to end-stage renal failure, uremia. Statistics show that there are over 100 million people worldwide rely on dialysis to survive, and is growing at an average annual growth rate of 8% . In addition , the incidence of chronic kidney disease is also showing a trend of younger , just a lot of uremic patients aged two to three years old , the minimum age less than 10 years old.

So, how to prevent chronic kidney disease? Please be sure to adhere to the following six principles of prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease -

First, do not mess medication : The most common cause of trauma to the kidneys and lead to loss of function for all types of drugs painkillers, antibiotics and some developer , etc. , people generally have the habit of self-medication medicines , in this proposal , there are physical discomfort with the prescribing physician medication should not buy self-medication medicines , Furthermore, for long-term use of painkillers , subject to prescription , so can reduce unnecessary complications , and slow the deterioration of renal function .

Second, the diet should be light : Do not eat too much high-protein foods , protein digestion by the ingestion of waste that is generated by the absorption of ammonia, excessive intake of protein foods that are adding to the burden on the kidneys , the kidneys do more work . Also should reduce the proportion of fat in food , oil could easily lead to excessive blood pressure and hardening of the arteries and other diseases, the same is also lethal to the kidneys , many related studies also point out that limiting protein intake , high cholesterol control etc. are all effective ways to prevent kidney disease progression .

Third, the prevention and control of hypertension : blood pressure and kidney are closely related, high blood pressure so high pressure and kidney blood vessels has long been hardened , so it will have damage to the kidneys , the actual occurrence in the kidney health, blood pressure control is also important ring .

Fourth, proper hydration : less water , less urinary excretion of people, often urinary tract infection, hyperuricemia, or certain metabolic diseases easily capita incidence of kidney stones .

Fifth, weak immune system should avoid frequent access to public places : the body resistance is poor, increased toxins , suppress the immune system in some white blood cells function , it is easy to infect bacteria, acute glomerulonephritis often secondary to upper respiratory tract infection , especially after streptococcal infection , preschool children most likely to have the disease , but ninety percent will be recovered, the prognosis is good , if adults have the disease , about half will become chronic , it should be in a vulnerable period try to rest and restore the body's immune system to fight the function .

Six , regular health check : kidney tumors occur in men between forty and 70 , polycystic kidney disease and hereditary kidney disease patients who have a family history of kidney disease , regular testing of renal function in the early detection and early treatment .
More than just routine chronic kidney disease prevention measures, such as when suffering from chronic kidney disease , hope to actively regulate treatment to avoid deterioration of the later stages of chronic kidney disease , kidney failure , uremia occur.

Uremia early prevention and early treatment of kidney disease

Common sense reason for treating kidney disease symptoms of kidney disease kidney kidney diet kidney check kidney care
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Uremia early prevention and early treatment of kidney disease
Source: Unknown Date :2012 -03-31 08:03 Hits : 142
Early treatment of kidney disease , in general, long-term use of hormone treatment of kidney disease can produce many side effects, sometimes quite serious. Resulting in high resolution protein hormone status may aggravate azotemia , prompting increased blood uric acid , gout and aggravate induced renal dysfunction . Large doses can sometimes aggravate high blood pressure , heart failure trigger . When hormone application may be obvious symptoms of infection , are particularly vulnerable to delays in diagnosis , so that the spread of infection . Long-term use of hormones may exacerbate the disease bone disease , and even aseptic avascular necrosis of the femoral neck . Symptomatic treatment is the most critical , the use of sweat detoxification is very effective if the body pores open , with the sweat excretion of toxins from the kidneys as much , so lowering the blood of toxins in the human body to improve the environment , the remnants of the renal units and other dirty is protected. The exhaust , defecation increased , indicating that patients Stomach recovery , " one of the Stomach , leaving one of life " , the patient vitality restored, righteousness and evil liter drop .

Early treatment of kidney disease , for uremia, we are bound to do a good job early preventive measures , which can effectively control the incidence . Here to introduce preventive measures early next uremia , I hope everyone can help.

Early symptoms of uremia preventive measures prevent uremia add more water , the amount of water supplied in accordance with the condition .

Early treatment of kidney disease , of course , the majority of patients with chronic kidney disease , uremia patients , since every patient in the clinical symptoms demonstrated by the degree of progression of the disease , nephropathy type is different, so the treatment are also differences on their own medication, diet attention to other issues, can not be generalized .

A limit foods containing high amounts of cadmium .


Early treatment of kidney disease , has been found in the general household goods and some chemical elements are associated with acute and chronic kidney disease , which is the prevention of uremic to note . Just read the product description , and more to take some precautions to avoid these is cho harmful substances . This rare metal used in the production of pesticides , rubber tires and plastics, coatings and other products. Due to wide industrial use of cadmium , has a wide range of land and water found in some foods . Attention is drawn to the following points : Limit intake of foods containing high amounts of cadmium , such as food from animals made ​​from the liver and kidney , halibut , mussels, scallops, oysters and oyster in the sludge -grown vegetables ; make sure to painting and craft paint , dye, sodium porcelain contain cadmium ; Do not use antique cooking utensils , because coated with cadmium pigments made ​​from these appliances .

2 low- protein diet.

Early treatment of kidney disease , the choice of custard foods: Because eating less protein , and therefore should try to use a higher nutritional value of eggs, milk and other animal protein foods , and less soy and other plant proteins. Uremic patients should be given a low -protein diet , a normal adult needs per kilogram of body weight to 1.5 grams protein , 0.5 grams of uremic patients can only eat / kg to reduce the generation and retention in the body mass of nitrogen metabolites .

Early treatment of kidney disease , kidney disease is a common , easy to diagnose difficult to treat . Therefore only recognize the early symptoms of kidney disease , in order to ensure early detection and early treatment , so you stay away from kidney problems. Kidney patients can not give up on themselves , take part in outdoor activities, maintain an optimistic attitude .

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - disease etiology

FSGS has many causative factors . If poisoning injury, humoral and hemodynamic changes , can lead to damage to the capillary wall , so that the macromolecular protein production and retention, after the deposition of immunoglobulin binding C1q and C3 , causing degeneration and podocytes with basement membrane phase out . The study found that the podocyte phenotype changed during primary FSGS. But how epithelial cells of these injuries result in capillary loop collapse and hardening unclear , FSGS may be a manifestation of epithelial lesions after aggravating tissue repair . Focal sclerosis lesions rapidly relapse after kidney transplantation , indicating the presence of systemic factors in the pathogenesis of FSGS . Residual renal hemodynamic changes occurred in the organization caused by compensatory glomerular capillary pressure, high perfusion and high filtration , resulting in damage to the epithelial cells and endothelial cells , mesangial cell dysfunction , leading to progressive focal segmental sclerosis . This pathological process may be aggravated by a high intake of protein , limiting protein intake and blood pressure treatment and relief. Endothelial cell injury induced platelet aggregation and micro-thrombosis , and increased development of lesions ; many FSGS occurs with this pathogenesis , such as " chronic " post- streptococcal glomerulonephritis , and chronic renal allograft rejection, reflux nephropathy and town pain medicine kidney disease. In addition, the observed nearly marrow glomerular glomerular filtration rate is higher than the cortex glomerular hemodynamics is also supported risk factors of FSGS . Drug abuse and AIDS can cause typical FSGS nephrotic syndrome and progressive renal failure, it can be the end result most proliferative glomerulonephritis . However, most cases are idiopathic , is found in the first biopsy histopathologic type was FSGS. In addition to segmental sclerosis seen in FSGS , but also can be the final result of proliferative glomerulonephritis ( glomerulonephritis after infection , such as ) or with high filtration nephrotic syndrome related to some patients after a focal Festival posterior segment of the proliferative phase , segmental necrosis and scar formation , this situation is common in secondary glomerulonephritis .

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - symptoms and signs

The disease mostly occurs in children and adolescents , men slightly more than women. A few patients before the onset of upper respiratory tract infection or allergic reactions. The most common first symptom of clinical nephrotic syndrome , about 2/ 3 of the patients had severe edema and proteinuria , urinary protein excretion in 1 ~ 30g / d, about 50 % of patients with hematuria , microscopic hematuria common , occasionally gross hematuria. Adults 30% to 50 % of patients with mild hypertension or persistent manifestations of chronic nephritic syndrome, patients 24h urine protein <3.5g / d, edema obvious, often hematuria , hypertension and renal insufficiency, and 50 % or more can be presented renal comprehensive performance , obviously , " three high and one low" clinical manifestations. A few patients without obvious symptoms , found occasionally in routine urinalysis proteinuria when . This type of sustainable long asymptomatic proteinuria , the prognosis is good . This can also be a small number of patients with end-stage renal failure gradually develop . The vast majority of non-selective proteinuria , but early may have highly or moderately selective . Serum C3 levels were normal , decreased IgG levels. Often proximal tubular dysfunction performance. Upper respiratory infection or allergies can make the symptoms worse. The clinical manifestations of this disease in different pathological types slightly different , typical FSGS and glomerular hypertrophy , less urine protein ; cell type FSGS often massive proteinuria (> 10g / d), and prone to renal insufficiency. 60% of cell type has been reported in patients with FSGS serum creatinine > 2mg/dl, while only 10% of patients with FSGS typically elevated serum creatinine . Collapsing FSGS have relatively significant proteinuria , often > 10g / d, and renal insufficiency is more severe than other types , and hypertension is relatively small. This type of acute onset, rapid progression , usually 1 to 2 years after the onset of end-stage renal failure will enter (ESRF).
Children and adult patients with similar clinical manifestations , mostly dominated nephrotic syndrome , while the proportion of hypertension and renal insufficiency than in adults is low. Most ( 40% to 60% ) of chronic progressive FSGS was , eventually leading to kidney failure , a small number of patients ( 10% to 15% ) and rapid disease progression , earlier onset of kidney failure.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - Disease Overview

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in children and adults with nephrotic syndrome (NS) common primary glomerular disease . Histopathological features is its segmental glomerular scarring, with or without the formation of foam cells and glomerular capillary adhesion . Is the only part of the focal glomerular be involved ( glomerular involvement < 50% ) ; segmental glomerular leaflets is a portion to be involved ; glomerular sclerosis refers to the glass-like stage renal changes or scarring . Other pathological changes include : diffuse mesangial cell proliferation, glomerular capillary collapse and focal degeneration . FSGS by a known cause (HIV or diamorphine ) caused in patients with idiopathic pathological changes similar. Focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis and FSGS are different concepts , the former may be either express or nonspecific idiopathic FSGS hair can also be qualitative performance among other glomerular diseases, or small tube . The disease mostly occurs in children and adolescents , men slightly more than women , mainly for children with primary nephrotic syndrome , a common histological changes are minimal change based. Adults are mainly focal segmental glomerulonephritis , membranous nephropathy and minimal change .

Kidney transplant - Identification

1 , renal perfusion
Hypovolemia , renal vascular thrombosis, renal artery anastomotic stenosis , perirenal hematoma , compression of the renal cyst when lymph vessels, renal perfusion is limited, renal ischemia can cause oliguria after renal transplantation . But their corresponding performance , generally difficult to identify.
2 , urinary tract obstruction
Vesicoureteral anastomotic stenosis or blockage of blood clots , catheter blockage , a sudden decrease in amount of urine or no urine within 24 to 48 hours after surgery . By flushing the catheter , cystoscopy or ureteral catheter insertion , can be identified.
3, there are foci of infection in vivo , although not serious , but low body resistance, can also cause fever, chills , decreased urine output , serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and other changes, can induce acute rejection . Often occurs within three months after surgery . Mostly lung infection , urinary tract infection , but also as a systemic infection . Should be lung X-ray, urine culture , blood culture , etc., carefully looking foci may exist , in order to avoid delaying treatment .
4 , drug toxicity
Certain drugs , such as gentamicin , kanamycin , neomycin Pioneer , a certain renal toxicity. When renal function is not yet stable , such as improper application , can cause renal dysfunction, oliguria , anuria , serum creatinine , blood urea nitrogen increased. A larger dose , longer history , significant changes in urine protein , tube more difficult to identify

Kidney transplant - necessary

Whether pre-renal transplant patients must take nephrectomy it? The current kidney transplant implanted in the abdominal cavity just completed a healthy kidney procedures have not advocate for pre-transplant kidney removed first, unless it is necessary.
The so-called necessary, which means the original kidney disease continues to exist, it will directly endanger the health of patients, or the further spread of the disease. Such as severe renal tuberculosis, kidney function itself has lost its existence tuberculosis, but also to spread throughout; Another example is the existence of multiple casting stones, associated with persistent bacterial infection, easily lead to sepsis, renal pelvis empyema, perirenal abscesses and other life-threatening complications; addition, kidney tumors, huge polycystic kidney disease, a lot of urine, etc., are also considered as the first nephrectomy recovery after a kidney transplant, not two surgical simultaneously. In addition to the above diseases, renal not handle the original claim.

Kidney Transplant

Kidney transplant a healthy kidney is implanted in the right lower quadrant of the patients in the iliac fossa. Because the right iliac fossa vascular shallow, easy to connect with new renal vascular surgery. After more generally choose the internal iliac artery anastomosis, if within the right iliac arteries appear atherosclerosis, lumen narrow, inadequate blood flow after the fear, the patient may also be external iliac artery anastomosis, vascular anastomosis, release all resistance vascular clamp off the blood vessels, the blood supply to the kidney to be the new good, they sutured the abdominal wall to complete the surgery. Kidney transplantation is not new and the old exchange kidney. Although renal transplantation is considered to be the only Western medicine treatment of uremia, but the survey shows: after kidney transplant patients to experience rejection, infection and other threats, five-year survival rate with only 60%. Since 1954, the world's first successful kidney transplant monozygotic twins now, after 50 years of effort, has 500,000 cases of uremic patients received a kidney transplant treatment.

Hydronephrosis can not eat what?

A therapeutic side hydronephrosis :
1 barley porridge
Material : Yiyiren the 30g, one hundred grams of rice. Porridge with water , or food every day. Splenomegaly water.
Effects: kidney disease, edema showed enough temperament , hydronephrosis patients , loss of appetite, loose stools each .
Two blue light basil soup
Material : light blue 3-5 segments, basil leaves 10 grams , rice LOOG. First rice porridge, when you become a leaf , cover and cook for a while to join the blue basil, hot food should be served daily . Swelling yang water.
Role: spleen deficiency, see edema in patients with hydronephrosis .
3 ) stew melon
Material : melon ( including housing ) 200 g , 1 tablespoon sugar. Wash melon cubes, sugar pot, add a little water , a small fire stew cooked.
Role: water swelling, detoxify . For partial heat nephritis edema, hydronephrosis patients.
4 ) Mulberry porridge
Material : 50 g chopped mulberry mulberry porridge , add water 1000 ml , 0500 ml Zhuqu , residue, add rice milk , diet, do not eat intermittent
Effects: the treatment of refractory chronic nephritis edema, patients hydronephrosis .
5 ) chicken soup mother
Ingredients: old hen ( gutted ) 1, adding astragalus , dried tangerine peel 15g, Amomum 6g, 15 g Ginger skin, hawthorn 30g, beef soup.
Effect : the treatment of chronic nephritis edema, patients hydronephrosis .

What kidney complications have water hazards?

What kidney complications have water hazards ? The incidence of hydronephrosis , when a patient has a headache and their families about what harm it hydronephrosis , hydronephrosis what would cause some complications yet. To solve these problems is to our hospital experts to solve it:

Complications hydronephrosis cause great harm to people , seriously affecting the lives of people around the patient and their complications and dangers resulting hydronephrosis experts described as follows:

A patient suffering from urinary tract infections easily

What kidney complications have water hazards ? Stopped due to stagnation of urine in the kidney and ureter resulting in vivo bacterial growth , reproduction, and thus easily concurrent pyelonephritis, or renal symptoms go far sides .

Second, renal atrophy

Experts say the incidence of renal atrophy is also a cause of renal water . As the pressure increases urinary row blocked kidney , renal vascular pressure will lead to renal ischemic atrophy , or even destroy , this case is undoubtedly impaired renal function . Patients with more severe cases loss of kidney function becomes large pouch . Kidney tissue atrophy in patients with mild hydronephrosis is generally difficult to repair it.

Third, kidney stones

Kidney stones and hydronephrosis are often interacting stones with hydronephrosis hydronephrosis induced stone formation , the two reinforce each other .

What kidney complications have water hazards ? Hydronephrosis after all, what harm ? Depending on the performance of the incidence of hydronephrosis , hydronephrosis symptoms appear there will be differences. But one can not ignore the health hazards of hydronephrosis .

One of hazards: lead to kidney stones. Bacterial infection , necrotic tissue cells may become a significant core of stone formation .

Hazard II: cause renal atrophy. When a patient is symptomatic mild hydronephrosis , pyelonephritis form after unblocking the patient may recover , but severe hydrocephalus friends renal tissue atrophy in patients estimated to be difficult to repair .

Three hazards : Due to the patient's renal parenchyma is thin , but the kidney can lead to excessive tension traumatic rupture, increasing the likelihood of acute peritonitis .

What are the dangers of hydronephrosis

Discharge of urine from the kidney is blocked, stagnation in the kidney called hydronephrosis . Occur in the kidney, ureter obstruction of the upper urinary tract obstruction ; occur in the bladder , said the following lower urinary tract obstruction. The higher the position of the obstruction , the more severe renal impairment .
Of causes urinary tract obstruction is multifaceted . Stenosis of the renal pelvis and ureter junction abnormalities, or renal pelvis , ureter cancer, stones, tuberculosis , polyps of the common cause of urinary tract obstruction . Bladder cancer, stones, urethral stricture as benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract obstruction main lesions.
Normal pelvis capacity of 10 to 15 ml, was bell -shaped calyx opening . When the pelvis increased capacity , more than 20 ml , the renal pelvis dilatation , calyx bell disappeared as an early manifestation of hydronephrosis . According to the water and how much , is divided into mild, moderate and severe hydrocephalus , but not clearly defined criteria. If hydronephrosis up to 1000 ml or more, most of renal parenchymal atrophy, thinning of giant hydronephrosis . Hydronephrosis diagnosis is not difficult , but the cause of hydrocephalus caused by B- need to check CT, renal venography , retrograde pyelography , cystoscopy or ureteropelvic microscope can be confirmed.
1 , renal atrophy is caused major damage hydronephrosis . Since urine is blocked, pelvis expanded renal pressure increases renal vascular pressure, resulting in ischemic renal atrophy , damage, renal damage. Severe kidney becomes non-functional large pouch . Mild hydronephrosis , when the relief of obstruction , renal pelvis shape can be recovered , and severe hydronephrosis, renal tissue atrophy is difficult to repair.
2 , urinary tract infection. As the saying goes , water does not rot . Stopped due to stagnation of urine in the kidney, ureter , conducive to bacterial growth and reproduction , complicated pyelonephritis, ureter , cystitis or kidney Yandeng around .
3 , stone formation. Urinary tract stones blocking concurrent hydronephrosis ; hydronephrosis and stone formation induced by both reinforce each other, bacterial infection , pus ball , necrotic tissue cells become the core of stone formation . Especially within the urinary infection precipitated salt crystals piled into stone.
4 , giant hydronephrosis . Thin due to renal parenchyma , renal tension is too large , easy to cause traumatic or spontaneous rupture tension rupture, acute peritonitis , a serious threat to life safety .

Kidney Stones Treatment

Kidney stones often less than 5 mm from the urine itself , sometimes causing obstruction and pain calculus can be used analgesics such as diclofenac, or smooth muscle antispasmodic agents such as buscopan, to make the ureter expansion , accelerated stone discharge . The best patients to drink more water , more than three liters per day , and moderate exercise helps remove kidney stones . Larger stones can cause serious obstruction or hematuria , infection and other conditions, you need a urologist intervention .
Since the 1990s , the majority of patients with kidney stones can be used extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy , minimal damage to the body , but are generally not hospitalized . Some stones can not be solved with shock you need to use an endoscope , such as ureteroscopy ( enter from the urethra, like the size of an incense stick ) , or kidney mirror ( from ventral hit a hole into the kidneys , like the size of a straw ) , clip out or wash out after the break stones . There are lasers, electric shock , ultrasound, pneumatic lithotripsy , mechanical methods such as broken stones broken clamp method . Only a handful of patients need surgery to remove the stones with a traditional way , mostly because the stones are too large , and surgery is also an advantage that the stones can usually remove completely . Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and stone surgery , years of clinical observation: kidney stones after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy , the recurrence rate was 98% above the same time damage the kidney function , the mechanism is the formation of kidney stones naturally no sharp edge , by after the rubble caused by the sharp edge of many small pieces , pierce it is difficult to rule out the kidney [ renal vascular puncture if it is likely to cause renal atrophy shrink ] , so the high recurrence rate of gravel , causing kidney atrophy shrinking , many cases of uremia .

Diagnosis and examination of kidney stones

Just to see the typical clinical renal colic ( spasmodic bouts of low back pain ) , physicians will consider the possibility of kidney stones. To establish the diagnosis , you need X -rays and many other tests, in order to know the location of the stones , the size and severity of the affected kidney. Ultrasound can be seen in the presence or absence of hydronephrosis ( obstruction of urine caused by kidney edema ) . Approximately 5-10 % of stones probably because calcium is not high , when X-rays can not see , but can be seen with ultrasound .
The most common kidney stones in patients with abdominal X-ray photographs called KUB, because it covers according to the kidneys (Kidneys), ureter (Ureters) and bladder (Bladder). Might do next IVP (IVP), is from the intravenous injection of a contrast agent , it via the kidneys , urinary system can make the whole more clearly . Computed tomography is the most accurate instrument to check kidney stones .


KUB image shows the left side of the patient lose duct stones .
Related tests include :
General examination of urine and urine sediment microscopic examination , you can see that there is no urine , urine protein , urine , crystals , bacteria, etc. .
Urine culture can identify whether there is infection. Stone itself can become a breeding ground for bacteria , so it is often associated with urinary tract infections.
Blood tests : full blood count if found high white blood cell count may indicate infection, but also blood tests of renal function and serum calcium concentrations.
Stay 24 hours urine, determination of calcium oxalate and phosphate daily volume discharged .

Cause kidney stones

Kidney stones can be divided into primary cause of other diseases and diet habits. Already know that there are 32 kinds of ingredients urinary stones , the most common ingredients are calcium oxalate , most people always thought the concept of excess calcium intake may accelerate kidney stones produce . However, there is sufficient evidence that , for many patients with kidney stones , the stones and the high rate of low calcium diet is associated , and vice versa.
Other ingredients such as kidney stones, struvite , uric acid , calcium phosphate and cysteine ​​( an amino acid ) and the like , and may be various mixtures of the above ingredients . 32 kinds of urinary stones in just not nitrate, ( see " urinary stones " Ye Zhang group editor ; Guo Lu academician preface ) This allows doctors to use potassium nitrate ( Huoxiao ) and potassium aluminum sulfate ( alum ) mixed treatment of urinary stones. Causes of struvite stones are some of the bacteria multiply in the urine , and break down urea as nutrients , resulting in ammonia (ammonium), and make the urine alkaline ( usually urine mostly weakly acidic , pH value 6 - ) between 7 . Urea can decompose bacteria , the most common is Proteus (Proteus mirabilis), there are other Ke Liebo bacteria (Klebsiella), Serratia marcescens (Serratia), Providencia and other genera of bacteria . Ammonium urine causes urine odor emitted ammonia general , while the larger volume was staghorn calculi .

Prevention of acute renal failure

Prevention of acute renal failure is mainly to prevent and treat the primary disease , avoid and eliminate the predisposing factors are preventing the fundamental. So , pay attention to the following three points :
Restore internal organs
Usually living , Diet, pay attention to hygiene , avoid evils invasion , preventive measures should be strengthened , especially in seasonal epidemics and regions ; But eating spicy broiled Wong Atsumi avoid the breeding of heat ; Regulating Emotions , maintain a happy to make accessible and to avoid blood stasis ; increasing physical activity , improve the body's defenses.
Prevent poisoning
The data indicate that 20% to 50 % of acute renal failure is caused by the drug , as well as part caused by exposure to harmful substances . Therefore, we should try to avoid using toxic to the kidneys and exposure of drugs or poisons . Take the case of an accident or exposure should be timely detection and early treatment.
Timely prevention
Once induced acute renal failure in the primary disease occurs , should be treated early , pay attention to the expansion of blood volume, correcting water , electrolyte imbalance and acid-base balance , restore circulation. If it is found the disease to occur , should take early measures to add volume, increased cardiac output, recovery of renal perfusion and glomerular filtration rate , renal tubular obstruction material exclusion , prevent infection and prevent DIC, renal ischemia induced renal damage. Early application of blood circulation while drugs have a positive effect on the prevention of disease occurrence .
Patients with renal failure medication precautions
1 Try to avoid the use of drugs toxic to the kidneys , such as gentamicin, Micronomicin , kanamycin , vancomycin and anti-inflammatory pain.
2 Most drugs are excreted through the kidneys , so the dose should be reduced according to the degree of renal dysfunction .
3 chronic renal failure due to potassium excretion decreased , on the use of diuretics should avoid the use of potassium-sparing diuretics such as spironolactone , triamterene and potassium and other drugs . Do not use blood transfusion stocks , and fresh blood is better, it is because the destruction of red blood cells in the blood inventory , potassium overflow from the cells into the plasma, will increase the patient's serum potassium .

Renal failure - renal failure, renal failure characteristics

Early diagnosis of drug-related ARF is a key determinant of patient prognosis . Therefore, patients with unexplained acute renal failure attention detail about medication history, allergies extremely important for suspected cases must be immediately disabled the dynamic observation of suspicious drugs in a timely manner when necessary biopsy is often helpful in diagnosis .
In the case , a total of 125 cases were diagnosed by renal biopsy . Analysis, need to rely on biopsy diagnosed patients, mostly atypical clinical manifestations , the original foundation or exist glomerular disease and renal interstitial renal tubular lesions ;
And for those more typical manifestations of acute tubular necrosis or acute interstitial nephritis , as long as the alert physicians to diagnose clinically .
However, in these patients, after administration of systemic allergic manifestations rarely , drug fever incidence rate was 4.8% , rash incidence rate was 16.7 %. Because of its clinical manifestations are not specific, and the lack of specific and sensitive detection methods , easily mistaken , missed clinically .
Hyponatremia and hypernatremia : Due to vomiting, diarrhea, loss of too much sodium , reduce tubular sodium reabsorption , prone to hyponatremia. When such a sudden increase in sodium intake , prone to water and sodium retention , hypertension, edema and heart failure.
Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia : oliguric renal excretion of potassium decreased. Increased body catabolism , metabolic acidosis, extracellular potassium + to transfer, use retention of potassium-sparing diuretics or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors , can cause severe hyperkalemia

Renal failure - diet points

Patients with renal failure diet regulation is a very important principle of treatment of a ring . Clinically, we often see cases due to food accidentally lead to disease progression or death . Patients with renal failure diet should pay attention to the following aspects :
First, should pap , avoid hard food and fried foods in patients with chronic renal failure due to stay in the body and blood of toxins and other causes of gastrointestinal mucosal microcirculation often has congestion, erosion status , if eating hard food , fried foods such as sesame cake sugar , fried donuts , etc., often leads to cut food in the stomach and cause bleeding vessels .
Second, the diet should be light , avoid spicy foods and chronic renal failure, gastrointestinal mucosa in patients with uremia often has congestion, erosion status . Such as eating chili , white wine and other spicy foods often aggravate erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa , causing bleeding stomach lining of blood vessels .
Third, eating dogs, sheep meat , beef and other products should be cautious Chinese believe that dog meat, mutton, beef fat objects , can lead to relapse or worsening clinically indeed there have been systemic lupus erythematosus or chronic nephritis caused by renal failure patients with eating cattle, mutton sicker phenomenon even after the last death , but is this a coincidence, remains to be seen , however , chronic renal failure , or not to eat such meat as well.

Diet to restore to get rid of glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis of the immune response to some pathogenic factors induced autoimmune inflammatory disease. Common due to β -hemolytic streptococcus , viruses, bacterial infections , but not viral or bacterial infection of the kidneys or damage directly , but these infections are caused by the body's immune response to glomerular inflammatory response . Glomerulonephritis generally referred to as nephritis, acute , rapidly progressive and chronic nephritis points. Acute nephritis, acute onset, short duration , hematuria , proteinuria , oliguria even azotemia , edema and hypertension as the main symptom ; rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and acute nephritis clinical manifestations are similar, but severe symptoms ; course of chronic nephritis long , many have varying degrees of renal dysfunction, proteinuria , microscopic hematuria , edema , hypertension and other symptoms , patients with advanced renal failure may occur .
( A ) diet principles
1 protein intake should be based on the disease. If the patient has renal insufficiency, when azotemia , protein intake should be limited , such as urea nitrogen than 60mg%, the daily protein supply intake of 0.5 grams of body weight in kilograms , and the use of milk, eggs, high biological value protein, in order to reduce the burden of renal interstitial nitrogen excretion ; if severe renal insufficiency , azotemia when required to further reduce protein intake , in order to reduce the intake of essential amino acids African staple food used instead of corn starch, arrowroot flour , wheat starch, etc. staple ; absence of the above conditions or the condition improves , you can gradually increase the protein intake , the daily supply of protein per kilogram of body weight to 1 gram.
2 carbohydrate and fat intake , generally do not add restrictions . To ensure an adequate supply of heat .
3 patients with symptoms of edema and hypertension should be in accordance with the condition were used less salt , no salt or less sodium foods. Refers to the daily salt intake of less than 3 grams of salt ; unsalted means daily diet without salt, nor eat food containing salt ; eat less sodium dietary sodium is the maximum daily amount does not exceed 1000 mg , addition salt , the sodium is high ( such as alkali ) should be controlled food .
4 patients with oliguric hyperkalemia continued to avoid the high potassium content of foods, such as fruits and a variety of juices .
5 . Ensure rich in vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C food supply , especially fresh vegetables and fruits should try to eat more .

(B ) Example recipes
Acute glomerulonephritis Recipes: Breakfast: wheat starch bread ( wheat starch 50 g ) milk 200 ml , 20 gram honey meal : 100 g banana Lunch: rice ( rice, 100 g ) tomato scrambled eggs ( 100 g tomatoes , eggs 50 g ) Fried canola ( rapeseed 100 g ) snacks: red lotus root starch ( arrowroot flour 50 g ) dinner: wheat starch dough sheet ( 100 g wheat starch , meat 30 g ) mixed with spinach ( spinach 100 grams , 10 grams fans , shrimp 10 g ) all day all day cooking oil 20 grams heat 7909 kJ ( 1883 kcal ) or so.
( C) the food choice points
1 food choices , should help alleviate the burden on the kidneys and eliminate or mitigate its symptoms, mainly based on the degree of proteinuria and azotemia situation may be, taking into account the patient's edema, hypertension and other conditions .
2 Regardless how much protein quantity supplied , the supply of high quality protein should be sufficient attention .
3 wheat starch is nephritis patients commonly used foods, after wheat flour , add water and dough , add water repeatedly rub , after which the slurry was precipitated available wheat starch , wheat starch instead of wheat flour processing a variety of foods , such as bread, pasta , dough sheet , pancakes , steamed buns, dumplings , eating wheat starch foods, allows patients to reduce non- quality protein intake , to reduce the burden on the kidneys purposes.

4 Big Diet Myths shouted kidney injury can not afford

Misunderstanding , drink "bone soup" can keep calcium
Chronic nephritis patients with weak institutional relatively ordinary people , and so many patients abnormal calcium or phosphorus metabolism . Manifestations of hypocalcemia hyperphosphatemia . Because patients affected by gastrointestinal function and hyperparathyroidism , reducing the absorption of calcium in the intestines , nephritis patients usually manifested hypocalcemia . Meanwhile, the row of phosphorus decreases and endocrine disorders, and therefore there is a high phosphorus status of the patient . Bone soup contains more phosphorus, drink soup bones ingested large amounts of phosphorus , resulting in the accumulation of phosphorus in the body , increasing the hyperphosphatemia . So , drink soup bones can not only improve calcium deficiency , and elevated serum phosphorus will increase due to the renal damage .
Myth , through hunger and protect renal function
Many patients believe that hunger can protect renal function , that some patients using " starvation diet ." In clinical diet due to chronic nephritis patients overemphasis many patients misunderstanding of animal protein . As the staple food and animal protein unduly restricted , patients are often malnourished , with a " starvation diet " , more emphasis on malnutrition, resulting in decreased body resistance and hypoproteinemia, anemia , and easy to infection , worse , lead to renal failure. Therefore, the " starvation diet " can not protect renal function , chronic nephritis patients must not " defy the law ."

Myth , vegetarian protein -free
Chronic nephritis , renal failure patients due to a reduced ability to metabolize the kidney , the main body of toxins such as urea nitrogen , creatinine accumulate in the body , causing damage to the body , and these toxins are the product of protein metabolism , and therefore patients with chronic renal failure should be emphasized that the low volume high- protein diet . Some patients believe that non-vegetarian protein , so long-term vegetarian . In fact, this is a misunderstanding of food proteins. Food proteins from both plant protein and animal protein, although most plant protein content than low animal protein , but the protein content of the daily staples such as rice , flour 8% -9% , protein content of legumes and soy products can be more than 20 %, due to lower vegetable protein containing essential amino acids, and high potassium content , and therefore not suitable for chronic renal failure patients. The animal protein containing essential amino acids greater than 50 %, so patients with chronic renal failure Moderate consumption of essential amino acids with high animal protein . Such as milk , eggs , fish, meat and so on. Total daily intake of protein should be a rough estimate based on the degree of impairment of renal function , to control the intake of vegetable protein , vegetable protein should not be used with high- beans and soy products.
Myth , without salt or salt substitute with autumn stone
We all know that salt and edema has a direct relationship , there are many patients with chronic nephritis particularly care for edible salt , not even salt , resulting in hyponatremia, low serum chloride , muscle cramps, low blood pressure , low blood volume , orthostatic hypotension. Salt restriction chronic nephritis hypertension , edema, oliguria , renal failure patients is necessary, in order to avoid excessive sodium and water retention , increased edema and hypertension , but not salt salt restriction does not mean , unless required to strictly limit the height of edema even salt water restrictions , generally low-salt diet should be taken for proper control even oliguria into the water . Therefore, patients with chronic nephritis salt intake should be , as the case may be, by a doctor , excessive fear of salt is not necessary , some patients with a fall of stone instead of salt is not desirable.