Kidney Health Information: life habit kidney injury

Renal failure is a serious disease, people with kidney disease will cause great harm burden. Therefore, we need to know more about the symptoms of kidney failure, which can detect the disease treatment as soon as possible. Here are the early symptoms of kidney failure, hoping to bring more help.
Renal failure symptoms, mainly in the following five areas:
First, the cardiovascular system: Patients usually have symptoms of heart failure or high blood pressure often feel palpitations or shortness of breath, often can not lie, it is easy rhythm disorders, patients with severe pericardial effusion and sometimes the phenomenon Some time will be blocked.
Second, the nervous system: after the occurrence of the disease there is lack of energy, headaches, dizziness phenomenon, and some symptoms in patients with sudden decline in memory, insomnia, difficulty urinating, etc. are also often seen, but also occur in patients with severe coma .
Third, the digestive system: The disease occurs in patients often feel anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mouth often feel there is urine, or gastrointestinal bleeding.
Fourth, the skin manifestations: The disease occurs when there will be a scaling phenomenon, the skin often feel dull, sometimes there will be a melanin pigmentation, skin color will appear darker, edema or skin infections and other undesirable phenomena occur.
Fifth, the respiratory system: when the disease occurs to us is going to affect the respiratory system, often feel that their mouths have Niaowei appear, but also metabolic acidosis, respiratory gases, there will be such a bad feeling .
In summary, the early symptoms of kidney failure introduced here, I hope you can to know more about kidney failure. In daily life, people should pay attention to changes in the body, there are various manifestations of the body, in order to timely detect the disease early to go to a regular hospital treatment.

Early symptoms of kidney failure are there?

Renal failure is a serious disease , people with kidney disease will cause great harm burden . Therefore, we need to know more about the symptoms of kidney failure , which can detect the disease treatment as soon as possible . Here are the early symptoms of kidney failure , hoping to bring more help.
Renal failure symptoms, mainly in the following five areas:
First, the cardiovascular system : Patients usually have symptoms of heart failure or high blood pressure often feel palpitations or shortness of breath, often can not lie , it is easy rhythm disorders, patients with severe pericardial effusion and sometimes the phenomenon some time will be blocked.
Second, the nervous system : after the occurrence of the disease there is lack of energy, headaches, dizziness phenomenon , and some symptoms in patients with sudden decline in memory , insomnia, difficulty urinating , etc. are also often seen, but also occur in patients with severe coma .
Third, the digestive system : The disease occurs in patients often feel anorexia, nausea, vomiting , diarrhea, mouth often feel there is urine, or gastrointestinal bleeding.
Fourth, the skin manifestations : The disease occurs when there will be a scaling phenomenon , the skin often feel dull , sometimes there will be a melanin pigmentation , skin color will appear darker , edema or skin infections and other undesirable phenomena occur.
Fifth, the respiratory system : when the disease occurs to us is going to affect the respiratory system , often feel that their mouths have Niaowei appear , but also metabolic acidosis, respiratory gases , there will be such a bad feeling .
In summary, the early symptoms of kidney failure introduced here , I hope you can to know more about kidney failure . In daily life, people should pay attention to changes in the body , there are various manifestations of the body, in order to timely detect the disease early to go to a regular hospital treatment.

Patients with renal failure diet is like

Patients with renal failure diet is like ? For patients with renal failure diet there are many , such as eating less salt, control salt intake , or a large number of high-quality protein supplement , some patients do not know enough in this regard , which, as we introduce the following .

First, the diet should be light , avoid spicy food

Chronic renal failure , gastrointestinal mucosa in patients with uremia often has congestion, erosion status , such as eating chili , white wine and other spicy foods often aggravate erosion gastrointestinal mucosa , leading to the stomach lining of blood vessels bleeding .

Second, eating dogs, sheep , cattle and other meat products should be cautious

Chinese medicine believes that dog meat, mutton, beef fat objects , can lead to relapse or worsening really see the clinical systemic lupus erythematosus or chronic nephritis caused by renal failure patients to eat cattle, mutton sicker even after the last death , whether coincidence remains to be seen , but in patients with chronic renal failure or not to eat such meat as well.

Third, should be soft diet , avoid hard food and fried foods

Chronic renal failure patients due to retention of toxins in the body and blood microcirculation and other reasons caused by gastrointestinal mucosa often has congestion, erosion of the state , such as eating hard food , fried foods such as sugar, sesame cake , fried donuts , etc. , often leading to food cut through the blood vessels and cause stomach bleeding . Due to chronic renal failure , coagulation function in patients with uremia obstacles , bleeding difficult to stop , it will lead to death.

The above is the introduction of patients with renal failure diet , diet regulation is in principle the treatment of chronic renal failure patients in the very, very important aspect of clinical practice often can be seen , in some patients because of improper diet , leading to illness deterioration or even death that my example , so patients with renal failure , usually must pay attention to diet.

Diagnosis of renal failure

Symptoms of acute renal failure
Acute renal failure (ARF) clinical manifestations generally can be summarized into three types:
( 1 ) Type of urine to oliguric ARF ( urine output less than 400ml / day ) or no urine ( urine output of less than lOOml / day ) was notable features generally have been oliguria ( or anuria ) polyuria and recovery oliguric phase three clinical stage usually lasts 3 days to 1 month on average , ranging from about 10 days or so mainly oliguria as follows: ① Shuinazhuliu : performance for high blood pressure and other systemic edema cerebral edema and pulmonary edema, heart failure often life-threatening is the main cause of death of former resistance ; ② electrolyte imbalance : hyponatremia, hypocalcemia , including hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia , etc. ; oliguric hyperkalemia often leading cause of death ; ③ Metabolism acidosis : acidic metabolites accumulate in the body and tissue destruction caused by infection can aggravate acidosis acidosis may manifest as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, drowsiness , such as deep breathing severe drop in blood pressure can occur in shock ; ④ uremic symptoms: for all toxins accumulate in the body causing systemic symptoms of various systems including nitrification anorexia , nausea and vomiting , abdominal distension and diarrhea ; respiratory system include chest pain, cough, dyspnea uremic pneumonia ; circulatory system , including arrhythmia ; heart failure ; nervous system , including consciousness restlessness , delirium and convulsions after entering the urine of urine per day up to 3000 to 5000mL gradual decline in serum urea nitrogen and creatinine uremic symptoms gradually subsided polyuria due to large amounts of water and electrolytic
Dehydration can occur qualitative discharge hypokalemia hyponatremia , etc. If you do not replenish the recovered patients may die from dehydration and electrolyte imbalance into the convalescent serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels to normal renal tubular epithelial cell regeneration and repair of renal function fully restored takes about six months to a few patients can be left in the time varying degrees of renal impairment
( 2 ) a portion of the non- oliguric ARF cases little or no urine without clinical manifestations showed only a short time creatinine clearance decreased rapidly decrease of 50 % or less of normal serum urea nitrogen and creatinine serum creatinine increased rapidly every day rise faster than 44-88mmol / L, this type is called non- oliguric ARF relatively mild clinical manifestations often misdiagnosed
(3 ) a portion of the high resolution type ARF tissue catabolism occurs in cases of extreme conditions of increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased daily speeds > 14.3mmol / L and > lUmol / L is called a high resolution type is commonly found in large ARF trauma ; like major surgery and severe burns after infection cases showed severe metabolic acidosis and electrolyte imbalance symptoms significantly especially in the nervous system can be expressed as drowsiness coma prominent convulsive epileptic seizures or loss and other hyperreflexia
Two symptoms of chronic renal failure
Renal failure early clinical manifestations easily missed but obvious to advanced disease can affect various body organs can have many manifestations
A poison and symptoms caused by the accumulation of metabolites :
( 1 ) Digestive performance : digestive performance is one of the earliest and most common manifestations are severe indigestion, anorexia may have glossitis oral erosion if peptic ulcer involving the blood vessels may have vomiting blood in the stool
( 2 ) the performance of the hematopoietic system : chronic renal failure patients had varying severity of anemia and more from chronic malnutrition reduction in erythropoietin -induced renal failure and hemolytic patients have bleeding tendencies manifested as skin bruising , bleeding gums bleeding epistaxis severe gastrointestinal bleeding and death can occur but can also have abnormal white blood cells due to the " uremic toxin " role and function of leukocytes to generate both disorders decreased leukocyte count ( which mainly lymphocytes decreased production ) neutrophil chemotaxis ability of phagocytosis and killing of bacteria also reduce
( 3 ) the performance of the cardiovascular system : a common hypertension myocarditis and pericarditis uremic various arrhythmias and heart failure
( 4 ) the performance of the respiratory system : respiratory difficulty in breathing are generally produced by uremia bronchitis pneumonia and pleurisy when acidosis performance
( 5 ) Skin manifestations: can be expressed as dry and itchy skin, pale and " urea cream"
( 6 ) the skeletal system : calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders can occur due to osteoporosis or osteomalacia and osteitis pseudo- fracture pain
( 7 ) neuropsychiatric symptoms : central manifestations of depression, irritability, excitability unresponsive coma, convulsions and lethargy and peripheral lesions showed peripheral nerve degeneration and other manifestations of allergic skin burning sensation and movement disorder , such as limb weakness
( 8 ) endocrine dysfunction :
1 ) the performance of parathyroid dysfunction : primarily for the performance of hyperparathyroidism may occur calcium and phosphorus metabolism change the above uremic osteodystrophy
2 ) Thyroid dysfunction: Because T3 and free T3 index fell more performance for hypothyroidism symptoms such as fatigue , dry skin , fatigue lethargy diminished tendon reflexes, hearing loss , low body temperature
3 ) sexual dysfunction : Women showed reduced by irregular menstruation or amenorrhea men mainly as impotence and decreased sperm motility in children showed delayed sexual maturity

What checks renal failure do?

Relevant clinical and biochemical tests hematuria degree of renal function abnormalities can be diagnosed based on a history of chronic kidney can be divided into three phases based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (cr) level:
A decompensated renal insufficiency blood BuN between GFR between 50-70ml/min> 7.14> 8.93mmol / L blood Cr> 132 <177umol / L in addition to the clinical manifestations of primary disease have no other symptoms
Two renal decompensation or azotemia GFR <50ml/min blood BuN> 8.93mmol / L serum Cr> 177umol / L with mild fatigue loss of appetite and other symptoms and varying degrees of anemia
Three uremia have GFR <25ml/min blood BuN> 21.42mmol / L serum Cr> 442umol / L has been significant clinical symptoms of uremia as GFR <10ml/min uremia late; GFR <5ml/min compared with uremia end-stage chronic renal failure should be clear once the diagnosis of primary disease and deterioration due to the incentive to adopt effective treatment

Diet principles renal failure patients

In the treatment of kidney failure patients, particularly concern is the patient's daily diet , to follow certain basic principles. As the saying goes , one-third of treatment, seven care for any disease , diet helps rehabilitation, kidney specialists below to see how the analysis.
Renal failure are often a lot of sick patients in the absence of attention to their disease , the cause deterioration of renal failure occurred , renal failure is to have a serious impact on our body 's disease , under the most severe cases can lead to patients not occur pregnant . When treatment for patients in need of special concern is the patient's daily diet.
Patients suffering from kidney failure , many patients do not know how they should do it, how to distinguish between those who own a good or a bad habit, low -quality protein supplement . For patients with renal failure , you can add some protein, etc. , help delay kidney failure.
The basic principle is that high-quality low-protein diet. Of which 50 % to 60% essential amino acids must be contained high biological value quality protein, such as eggs , milk , fish, lean meat and other animal protein ; try to eat with vegetable protein -rich foods, such as peanuts, beans and their products , because such materials contain more non-essential amino acids , can not meet the needs of the body . In order to limit the intake of vegetable protein , you can use wheat starch ( Cheng surface ) instead of rice, flour staple .
Low-protein diet should be given individual consideration, different protein intake in patients with different stages . High heat. Patients with renal failure should also be a high -calorie diet , calories than ordinary people some more . Daily calories should be less than 30 kcal per kilogram of body weight , weight loss increased appropriately , appropriate to reduce obesity .
For adequate intake of calories, you can eat more vegetable oil and sugar . If you feel hungry, you can eat sweet potatoes , taro , potato , chestnut flour , yam flour, lotus root powder , apple and so on. If it is due to the kidney failure caused by diabetes , will have proper control of sugary substances.

Oral complications caused by diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy induced oral complications ? Diabetic nephropathy is a complication of diabetes, early symptoms of diabetic nephropathy is no obvious clinical features , so the discovery of diabetic nephropathy bit difficult, but the time will lead to abnormalities in diabetic nephropathy other diseases . Only patients with a better understanding of the disease , timely and correct treatment can make your life better .

Here I introduce several diabetic nephropathy induced oral diseases . I hope you have some help , the better to enjoy the good life and happiness.

1 . Oral fungal infections. Mostly Candida infections , the performance is the mouth appear albuginea , erythema , angular cheilitis . Ordinary disease prevalence rate is 8 %, and 16% of people with diabetes .

2 periodontitis . The most common symptoms are bleeding gums , a long time , teeth become loose . In general, if not actively treated , the teeth will fall about 10 years . Research shows that the risk of diabetes in people suffering from severe periodontitis 8.5 times higher than the general population , and the risk of missing teeth 2 times .

3 erosive lichen planus . This disease is recurrent oral ulcers after oral mucosal disease , manifested as oral mucosa mesh white stripes , red , and some patients have mucosal erosion , thus triggering pain. The disease is not as recurrent oral ulcers can heal , often of long duration . Because of the wound in the mouth long , there is the possibility of cancer .


4 caries . The study found that the amount of saliva in diabetic patients significantly reduced, weakening the cleaning action of the oral cavity . Also, increase the acidity of the saliva , this environment is very conducive to the growth of caries caused by bacteria .

5 maxillofacial soft tissue infections . The main bacterial infection that causes localized cellulitis , manifested as redness, swelling, heat, pain, fever, body there .

Six melon recipes treatment of chronic nephritis

Treatment of chronic nephritis , should start from the diet , including melon has a very significant effect in the treatment of chronic nephritis.

First, melon bean soup

Winter bean soup , hot weather with heat diuretic effect, generally applicable to block urination wet summer caused the patient to eat , which can be used melon, green beans , soup, ginger , scallion made ​​for chronic nephritis treatment has a very important role.

Second, the winter melon soup spinach

Melon spinach soup with tonic swelling, weight loss fitness effect for women during pregnancy edema patients , generally using melon , spinach , lamb, ginger , onion is made for regulating the body's secretion of patients with chronic nephritis has many relationship.

Third, melon white duck meat soup

White duck meat melon soup , generally used for heat boredom , diabetes and other symptoms of the crowd , the person can also be used to physically weak after the illness , through the use of pig meat, melon ( not peeled ) , lotus leaf, cucumber made for patients with chronic nephritis enhanced physique have a great relationship .

Fourth, melon white fungus soup

Melon white fungus soup , with a heat fluid, swelling of the diuretic effect, suitable for high blood pressure , heart disease , nephritis edema in patients taking . Generally be applied melon, white fungus is made , for the treatment of patients with chronic nephritis have a significant effect.

Fifth, melon juice


Production of melon juice , just remove the skin , cut into small pieces , put the juice machine can be easily completed . There are stocks making good melon juice fresh taste , if you like a little sweet taste, you can add a juice with other fruit . Detoxification effect.

Sixth, melon soup

Melon soup , suitable for hot bored , edema , Hyperactivity cough and other symptoms , can play the role of heat diuretic , commonly used melon, rice is made , so you can treat chronic nephritis has a very important role.

Renal cysts food therapy diet should pay attention to three points

1 , food taboos

Note that the class does not eat salty (including pickled ) , do not eat spicy category (including pepper , wine , shrimp , crab , etc. ) , contaminated eat ( including spoiled , leftovers , etc. ) , eat barbecue , and the occurrence of renal insufficiency or uremia should also pay attention to eat beans and their products , limiting animal protein foods , greasy foods and so on.

2 , the water intake

The incidence of kidney disease due to a variety of different , different course , treatment is not the same . In mild renal failure due to kidney function decline was concentrated , metabolites to need more moisture from the kidneys , therefore , no significant kidney disease such as edema , heart failure, high blood pressure , should not blindly water restrictions . Reminded that those patients with chronic renal failure , renal failure do not think you have to strictly limit the water , if too much water restrictions easy to increase the anti- deterioration of renal function .

3 , salt intake

Control of salt , according to the patient's condition and the degree of renal function adjustment , not all patients with chronic renal insufficiency should strictly limit salt .

4 , pay attention to rest

Avoid strenuous physical activity and abdominal trauma , kidney enlargement is more obvious when it is appropriate to replace the belt strap in order to avoid cyst rupture ; General to review the first six months (including blood , urine, renal function and B- ) ; avoid all nephrotoxic drugs ; relatives ( parents, siblings and children ) for the B -ultrasound .

5 , about nutrition

Yi Shi renal cysts in patients with high -quality protein foods, pay attention to high- fiber, high cellulose and low-fat food supplements , proper sugar diet.

6 , not a partial eclipse

Whole grains, fresh vegetables and fruits , cattle, sheep, pig meat , eggs , milk , fish etc. edible.


Daily habits affect patients suffering from kidney disease cyst great . Poor eating habits often lead to renal cysts sicker patients , symptoms appear more performance , making their treatment lose value . In patients with renal cysts grasp how diet, three "no" renal cysts dietary needs special attention -

1 , renal cysts diet section

The amount of food a patient with renal cysts are required , are eating too much or too little adverse physical rehabilitation . If hunger is undernourished ; fullness is easy to hurt the stomach digestion , absorption and blood circulation disorders ; overeating Feiganhouwei metaplasia is easy to heat .

2 , renal cysts eating unclean


Renal cysts eating unclean , light prone to cause gastrointestinal disease , severe poisoning or even life-threatening.

3 , renal cysts diet uneven

Renal cyst patients, such as eating more cold cold , then easily hurt the stomach yang , eat hot Xin Wen will enable the gastrointestinal accumulated heat , then there Gomi partial addicted persists, easily hurt organs.

What are the causes of kidney disease ? Details

Common cause of kidney disease caused by the following:

Cause one , some systemic diseases : for example glomerulosclerosis , myxedema , diabetic nephropathy, macroglobulinemia , renal amyloidosis , and so on .

Second cause some autoimmune diseases: nephrotic syndrome due to the probability of allergic purpura, and systemic lupus erythematosus is caused by very high . There is nodosa , systemic scleroderma, dermatomyositis , etc. This part of the kidney treatment and prognosis is good or bad depends on the extent of the primary disease and kidney damage management .

Cause of three infectious diseases: such as bacterial infections, including : Staphylococcus aureus septicemia , bacterial endocarditis , typhoid fever, osteomyelitis , tuberculosis or leprosy, typhus , etc. ; viruses including : hepatitis B , hepatitis C , chickenpox or herpes zoster , parasites ( malaria ) and the like.

Etiology four , allergy symptoms: such as pollen , drugs, polio vaccines, serum sickness, allergies , etc. can be used as a source to make the kidney nephrotic syndrome .

Cause five , poisons , toxins: Some drugs such as probenecid, penicillamine , trimethadione , and some pesticides, gold, mercury , bismuth , phenols, venom has kidney poisoning can occur nephrotic syndrome.

Etiology six , mechanical factors such as renal vein thrombosis, renal artery stenosis, inferior vena cava resistance, plugs , congestive heart failure , chronic constrictive pericarditis and pregnancy kidney disease.

Etiology seven hereditary disease : such as hereditary nephritis , hereditary kidney disease, and spherocytosis psychosis.

Renal insufficiency in patients with dietary considerations are there?

Renal insufficiency dietary health

1 , to ensure adequate calories eating polysaccharides, multi- vitamin , low-protein , no salt or low-salt foods. Common foods: rice, noodles , vermicelli , arrowroot flour . Glucose can also be consumed in different ways honey , fruit juice , fructose , sucrose and the like. How do renal insufficiency diet health ?

2 , choose quality protein food supplement milk, eggs , fish , poultry, lean meat and other foods, can ensure the supply of essential amino acids , but also reduce the accumulation of body waste.

3, a comprehensive vitamin supplement a lot of vitamins , helps promote the metabolism of toxins. Patients can choose rich in B vitamins and vitamin c, vitamin E , potassium and phosphorus and low in fruits and vegetables , such as cabbage, celery , spinach , cabbage , grapes , watermelon , tomatoes and so on.

4, the control of early moisture without edema , urine output should drink more water and more , in order to facilitate the discharge of protein metabolites such as urea . Late edema, urine output is low, should , where appropriate, to reduce the daily excretion avoid aggravating edema. How do renal insufficiency diet health ?

5 , limit intake of minerals sodium, potassium, magnesium and other patients should not eat pickles, seafood , pickles and other foods with high sodium in order to reduce the burden on the kidneys . . Renal insufficiency may occur late in vivo retention of potassium , and too much potassium can cause cardiac arrest , the patient should avoid eating foods rich in potassium such as bananas , wheat, soy powder. In addition , renal insufficiency often have magnesium retention in the body , so patients should eat foods rich in magnesium , such as beans, nuts , whole grains , dark green leafy vegetables, chocolate and so on.

What are the symptoms of polycystic kidney disease ?

The main symptoms of a lumbar , abdominal pain

Generally lower back pressure, sometimes severe pain . May be continuous or intermittent seizures, and sometimes abdominal pain , pain or oppose , chest , abdomen or groin radiation , pain may be due to activities , running, sedentary aggravated forced to stay in bed , the pain may be due to the mechanism of occurrence of renal increased expansion , increased tension caused by cystic renal capsule adjacent organs and stretch or compression of tissue caused by the suspension . Most of the first symptom of polycystic kidney disease patients , was unequal persistent or paroxysmal , tired after the increase .

The main symptoms of two . Urinary abnormalities

Mainly as hematuria or proteinuria, is one of the earlier onset of symptoms of polycystic kidney disease . Hematuria or microscopic hematuria can be presented , seen in more than 50% of patients with polycystic kidney disease , kidney enlargement and hypertension is more common. Proteinuria found in almost all cases , mostly mild and was sustained . When a urinary tract infection , white blood cells in urine can occur even pus .

Three main symptoms of hypertension

50% to 60% of patients may present with hypertension, high blood pressure is a manifestation of polycystic kidney disease exacerbations . Most deficiencies secondary to renal dysfunction , hypertension, polycystic kidney disease occurs because due to external causes polycystic kidney cysts increased oppression of the normal kidney tissue , kidney blood vessels, blood vessels and cause kidney and vascular continue increasing oppression of some cysts increased intravascular kidneys , so that local blood flow, receptors within the kidney reflex makes sense to produce an increase in renin after this signal , thereby angiotensin concentration, blood vessels, blood pressure increased between hypertension and renal dysfunction is a vicious cycle.

The main symptoms of four . Kidney function decline

Its performance is polyuria and nocturia , but to a lesser extent , to appear in the early stage.

The main symptoms of five . Renal dysfunction

50% of renal failure .

What are the symptoms of suffering from polycystic kidney disease polycystic kidney disease is not terrible , the most terrible state of mind , there are two tendencies : ? First mentality is do not care , I'm not insensitive symptoms . The second attitude is : high tension, fear not cure , the development of uremia. Two of mind is not right : Despite congenital hereditary polycystic kidney disease , we can not choose the day after tomorrow , but we have the power to prevent polycystic kidney complications arise ; prevent polycystic kidney does not enter the right renal insufficiency .

Patients with diabetic nephropathy how to eat three meals a day ?

One to limit protein intake.
Long-term intake of high protein diet will increase kidney hyperfiltration state , while increasing the generation and retention of toxic substances in the body , causing further damage to renal function. General idea of the daily diet in accordance with 0.6 g protein / kg of body weight given standard , but also to increase the proportion of high-quality protein in a limited range. When the development of uremia , protein restriction should be more stringent. Wheat starch can be used as the main energy source , instead of rice and flour. Since wheat starch production is not easy , is also commercially available corn starch , potato starch instead. Malnutrition term low protein diet might result in a number of drugs can be used orally ( such as on the same ) to treatment, these drugs can make the body of essential and non -essential amino acids , without increasing the load provided kidneys have been added to the protein for the body Synthesis provide sufficient raw materials.
Second, low-protein diet during heat supply must be sufficient to maintain normal physiological life.
You can select some high calorie and low protein content of staple foods , such as potatoes, arrowroot flour , noodles, taro , sweet potatoes , yams , pumpkin, chestnut flour, water chestnut powder , so that the total dietary calories up to standard range.
Third, we must reduce the fat and salt intake.
Diabetic nephropathy is often associated lipodystrophy , so insist on a low fat intake , olive oil, peanut oil contains rich in monounsaturated fatty acids , can be used as a source of energy. Diabetic nephropathy often develops to a certain stage of hypertension , manifested as edema or decreased urine output, limiting salt can effectively prevent the progression of complications.
Experts advise : Diabetic nephropathy diet arrange to constantly adjust with changes in the disease . Suggest that the majority of diabetic nephropathy patients can master the principles of diet , proper doctor 's help arrange meals . Patients with diabetic nephropathy daily diet can not be given a free hand , eat whatever you want , it should be reasonable arrangements for meals, not blindly diet, cause physical discomfort.

Diabetic nephropathy from eating in a healthy dietary considerations do not forget

There are diet diabetic nephropathy following principles :
1 , the daily fresh vegetables must be selected in accordance with the physician designated species must eat enough of 500 grams or more. This diabetic diet principles are relatively common .
2 , do the daily staple of rice, flour, edible mix should have a healthy , two meals a day that is the staple food of rice , the staple food meal faces ; or meal of rice, the staple food, two Dayton surface staples. This is also one of the diet of diabetic nephropathy in principle .
3 , the daily fresh vegetable varieties and non-staple food should be diversified, not monotonous. This principle of diabetic diet is more effective .
Do not forget to dietary considerations
Diabetic diet is very important. Diabetes is a disease of the endocrine system , mainly due to endocrine disorders cause . The disease is more difficult to treat because many aspects of endocrine disorders. Resulting in decreased pancreatic function , reduced insulin secretion , elevated blood glucose . Because of serious harm late diabetic nephropathy , diabetic patients should be strengthened so that self-care and self- defense, especially from the diet , reducing the burden on the kidneys . Patients should be strictly in accordance with the rules of diabetic diet : high-quality low-protein diet , moderate calorie low-fat diet , high calcium low phosphorus diet , high fiber diet , and so to arrange their diet . In addition, patients with diabetic nephropathy prone to acidosis and hyperkalemia , which wrote the situation will induce cardiac disorders and hepatic coma , so patients with diabetic nephropathy To control potassium drinks, fruit intake should be controlled c protein per kilogram of body weight daily 0.6-0.8 grams. Digestible edible fish , lean meat is better, is not easily absorbed vegetable protein , will increase the burden on the kidneys . But also adequate intake of vitamins, trace elements. Especially vitamin B, vitamin C and zinc , calcium, iron, etc., may play a protective effect on the kidneys .
These are the daily diet of diabetic nephropathy introduction, by introducing the experts , I believe your daily diet for diabetic nephropathy have a certain understanding , if you are diabetic diet have any questions , please consult our online experts .

Eight factors concern the prevention of diabetic nephropathy

1, more water, keeping daily water intake and urine output is about 1500 ~ 2000ml.
2, appropriate restrictions potassium and protein intake. Should control potassium drinks, fruit potassium intake. Protein should be controlled at 0.6 kg per day to 0.8 grams, and in digestible fish, lean meat better.
3, salt intake should be limited. People with diabetes should be as lighter dishes, salt intake should be less than 6 grams per day.
4, strict control of blood sugar. The key one is severely restricted calorie intake, and second, adhere to good blood glucose control and the third is to avoid the emotional and infection cause blood sugar fluctuations variety of factors.
5, the strict control of blood pressure, try to keep blood pressure control in 130/80mmHg or less.
6, to avoid the use of nephrotoxic drugs.
7, adequate intake of vitamins, trace elements. Especially vitamin B, vitamin C and zinc, calcium, iron, etc., has a protective effect on the kidneys.
8, no smoking, smoking is an important factor aggravating diabetic nephropathy.

Prevention of diabetic nephropathy diet

Meanwhile prevention of early kidney disease , during drug treatment , conditioning equally indispensable , we suggest more choice of fish, eggs , poultry, lean meat and other high-quality animal protein -rich foods .
Food proteins can be divided according to their different sources of plant protein and animal protein into two categories. Plant protein mainly from grains, starchy vegetables , dried fruit , nuts and other animal protein comes mainly from fish, poultry , meat , eggs and milk.
It is worth mentioning that the plant protein , a high content of non- essential amino acids , small bioavailability , excessive intake will increase the burden on the kidneys , prevention and treatment of early diabetic nephropathy disadvantage. The essential amino acid content of high animal protein , high efficiency, good value , especially animal foods milk , eggs , aquatic products , in which the protein nutritional value better , help protect the kidneys. Therefore , prevention and treatment of early diabetic nephropathy , in addition to control glucose metabolism , the selection of high-quality protein diet is also essential measures.
Experts remind that , in addition to a reasonable diet regulation and food choices through drug prevention is still the key to control blood sugar and reduce early diabetic nephropathy. This is because once the clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy has not reversible, even in the normal range of blood glucose can not stop the progress of renal insufficiency , therefore, to control blood glucose in the early nephropathy in the ideal range .
Under the guidance of an experienced physician , based on the type and condition of diabetes to insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents choose , as far as possible down to near-normal blood glucose , glycated hemoglobin target. In early diabetic nephropathy , strict control of diabetes can often reduce the amount of urinary protein excretion . Clinical diabetic nephropathy patients and patients with renal failure has occurred should be used in insulin therapy. However, due to the ability of the kidney with renal failure and reduce the degradation of insulin in patients with inadequate food intake , patients tend to reduce insulin requirements , easy to hypoglycemia , some patients may have reduced sensitivity to insulin receptor circumference requires larger doses , so insulin doses must be adjusted according to individual circumstances .

Strict control of blood sugar is key to preventing diabetic nephropathy

If we can control the glycemic index , such as diabetics can long survive. But the latest research shows that if the merger kidney damage, the risk of death in diabetic patients will be significantly increased. Therefore, strict control of blood sugar in diabetic patients is the key to whether the long-term survival.
The relationship between the kidneys and blood glucose
Liver and kidney in the occurrence and development of diabetes is extremely important position in the process . First, the liver and kidney are important sites of carbohydrate metabolism , particularly in the liver , both a wide variety of enzymes , but also the role of the hormone insulin and many places where it is the sugar processing, utilization , sugar, fat and conversion of protein is also here , and secondly, the liver and kidney are places carbohydrate storage and release of the body of excess sugar in the form of glycogen here or kidney glycogen to be stored , but also when needed into glucose to supplement blood sugar. When the liver and kidneys stored carbohydrate is not enough, they also use fat or protein to make glucose , in order to maintain a stable blood sugar ; Third , the excess sugar is excreted in the kidneys channel , when blood sugar rises, as long as the normal renal function , by urination can discharge excess sugar , blood sugar will not be too high. So, stabilize blood sugar is inseparable from normal liver and kidney function . Conversely, long-term control of blood glucose in diabetic patients is poor , it will also affect the structure and function of the liver and kidneys.
Strict control of blood sugar is key to preventing diabetic nephropathy
It is known that diabetes is a chronic blood glucose ( referred to as hyperglycemia) increased levels of metabolic diseases characterized by the group . The treatment is mainly through diet control, exercise therapy, blood glucose monitoring , medication and blood glucose control in diabetes education standard range to correct metabolic disorders, eliminate the symptoms of diabetes and its related problems , prevent or delay the onset of complications. Diabetic nephropathy generally refers diabetic glomerulosclerosis, chronic renal complications of diabetes. Initial symptoms of diabetic nephropathy manifested as proteinuria , edema , hypertension or azotemia , and fasting hyperglycemia or diabetes symptoms. According to experts, the early symptoms of diabetic nephropathy patients, good control of blood glucose , and early treatment for the repair of damaged kidney is extremely critical. Treatment of diabetic nephropathy and diabetes have their similarities , that regulate blood sugar , blood pressure , etc., but the treatment of diabetic nephropathy is more complex , if not treated properly, can greatly delay the arrival of decline in renal function , or will soon enter the chronic kidney failure.
In addition, diabetes is a lifelong, can affect various body organs and tissue diseases , good habits , living, eating in moderation , fat -sugar -salt diet should , work and rest moderate glycemic control is also very important.

Prevention of diabetic nephropathy should be noted that there are three sports hypoglycemic stress

Prevention of diabetic nephropathy first thing to understand is that this is a complication of diabetes , and therefore worsen diabetes control is critical . Prevention of diabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients during treatment has been of concern content , can not be ignored .
1 , glucose control in diabetic nephropathy prevention to lose important. Persistently elevated blood sugar , cholesterol induces fat metabolism, promoting the glomeruli. Intimal thickening of capillary sclerosis kidney degeneration , so loss of normal function. One key to controlling blood sugar restricted calorie intake , and second, insist on taking hypoglycemic drugs , the king is to avoid the emotional , infection can cause a variety of factors , such as fluctuations in blood sugar .
2 , one appropriate restrictions also prevent diabetic nephropathy points potassium and protein intake. Because diabetic nephropathy prone to acidosis and hyperkalemia , once there, to induce cardiac arrhythmias and hepatic coma , therefore , should control potassium drinks, fruit potassium c protein intake should be controlled at 0.6 kg per day 0.8 g , and in digestible fish, lean meat is better, because the plant protein is not easily absorbed , will increase the burden on the kidneys . In addition, the protein in high potassium , protein intake control to some extent, but also conducive to limit potassium.
3 , also pay attention to the prevention of diabetic nephropathy salt intake should be limited . In order to protect the kidneys , reducing its workload , people with diabetes should be as tasteless dishes some salt intake should be less than 700 grams per day , you should also limit the intake of water during severe renal failure.
Sports hypoglycemic medication should take the time to center
Out movement , many diabetics like Batui , very casual . In fact, this is more dangerous , because the movement in taking the time to listen , diabetics may wish to design a timetable for taking the time to center, then arrange sports and other live , so to prevent the risk of the occurrence of hypoglycemia and so on.
In general , patients taking hypoglycemic agents can begin activities around one hour after the meal , because exercise can lower blood sugar after a meal one hour antidiabetic drugs "power" has started to diminish , thus avoiding hypoglycemic effect of superposition , reducing the probability of the occurrence of hypoglycemia . Some patients with insulin injections in the limbs , if the movement immediately after the injection , it will speed up the absorption of insulin , it is easy to hypoglycemia . For did not eat hypoglycemic drugs , mild diabetes , we must adjust blood sugar through lifestyle changes , you can choose fasting exercise, exercise time naturally free to some .
It should be noted that diabetic patients do not participate in the activities of a large amount of exercise . Because, excessive exercise , or short intense exercise causes the body's stress response , leading to confrontation insulin action , such as an increase in catecholamine hormones , causing blood sugar, and even induce diabetic ketoacidosis, not only can lower blood sugar , but to control diabetes disadvantage. Of course , people with diabetes exercise is the best way to aerobic exercise , such as running, swimming , playing, hiking, dancing , etc., and the elderly with severe and chronic complications , such as heart, kidney failure , severe retinopathy, lower limbs vascular disease , patients with severe hypertension , you can choose a walk , etc. .

Renal failure, a common food taboos

1 , eat less phosphorus .

Such foods are needed in everyday as far away from renal failure patients , if the patient does not pay attention in a timely manner to exclude the usual intake of these foods can lead to illness and even repeated aggravated form to their successful rehabilitation greatly hindered .

This is because eating too much phosphorus can cause mineral metabolism disorders. Shensi animal offal , chicken , pork ribs soup , soy products, nuts ( seeds , peanuts, walnuts, pistachios , etc. ) foods. Excessive intake of phosphorus can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism , causing itching, renal osteodystrophy and other complications.


2 , eat potassium classes.

Everyone should know that potassium foods for diabetic nephropathy has a very important nursed back to health effects, but for patients with kidney failure is very dangerous adverse factors , the disease will cause great impact stretches .

As the kidneys ability to regulate potassium metabolism in patients with renal failure was significantly lower in the acute endogenous and exogenous potassium load increases , it is difficult to maintain the balance of potassium metabolism , and hyperkalemia can cause heart rhythm disorder , high blood reduced , cardiac arrest , respiratory arrest and other serious consequences. Therefore , patients with renal failure should be Shensi high potassium foods .

Man must know the 14 kidney recipe

Daily kidney key :

1 , more water

The water helps the body metabolic waste discharge , reduce the concentration of toxic substances in the kidney , thus avoiding damage to the kidneys . Especially in patients with fever , because of its metabolic rate, waste generation and toxic substances will increase, therefore , more to the water, in order to promote the excretion of wastes.

2 , do not use water instead of beverages

Contained caffeine drinks , often lead to increased blood pressure, and high blood pressure , kidney injury is one of the important factors . To try to avoid too much drink to plain water instead.

3 , suitable for drinking beer

If you have suffered from kidney disease areas , and unlimited drink a lot of beer , it will make the deposition of uric acid leads to renal tubular obstruction, causing kidney failure.

4 , active control of blood pressure

Nowadays, life and work pressure, resulting in increasingly younger age in patients with hypertension , and hypertension can accelerate the development of kidney disease, so people should pay close attention to changes in blood pressure and strict control of blood pressure .

5 , do not eat too much salt

Salt is important to let the burden of renal culprit . 95% of salt in the diet is metabolized by the kidneys , and the intake of too much burden on the kidneys will increase, coupled with the sodium salt causes the body to water can not be discharged, and further increase the burden on the kidneys , resulting in a impaired renal function .



6, note that eating fruits and vegetables

If you suffer from chronic renal dysfunction , you should pay attention to proper eating fruits and vegetables , to avoid impact on the kidneys. Do not drink too strong juices , hot pot soup , soup diet to light is appropriate.

7 , do not eat too much meat

If urine protein found in the urine , and eat too much meat , so long will cause renal damage . Meat and soy meal intake should be controlled at about 0.5 cm in thickness of the palm-sized , if people who have chronic nephritis , this amount should be reduced.

8 , diet

Inability to eat when tired iron , protein foods , such as fungus , jujube, black chicken , etc. ; dyspepsia more yogurt , eat hawthorn ; weekdays kidney to more Chi Jiucai , sea cucumber , ginseng, black-bone chicken , pigeon , etc.

9 , adequate sleep

Adequate sleep is also important to protect the uniqueness of recovery , work to tight troubles at home more, to have time to sleep when the rest .

10 , note waist warm

Chinese medicine believes that " back to the House kidney ." Patients in the cold season to avoid the waist by the wind, cold, wet evil invasion , during the hot summer months to make the waist nor cold, in order to avoid or reduce the effects of kidney damage and kidney function .



11 , daily activities waist

Regular waist events , these movements can be shipped Vital health , kidney qi . Also do more to stimulate the soles of the feet massage , Chinese medicine, soles of the feet Yongquan is sewage down the place, regular massage Yongquan can Yijing kidney, physical fitness, prevent premature aging and can Shugan eyesight, Centering throat clearing , promote sleep, improve appetite .

12 , to avoid the use of drugs for kidney damage

Such common sulfa drugs , kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamicin and the like. If the condition of patients with the drug , the patient may choose a smaller damage to the kidneys medication under a doctor's guidance. Meanwhile, during the medication should drink more water , to promote excretion of the drug.

13 , to prevent urinary tract infections

With age , the incidence of urinary tract infections will be gradually increased, especially in the elderly. This may be insufficient renal blood flow and the elderly , the decreased renal resistance . Male prostate hyperplasia is also prone to urinary tract infections, it should be found that early and aggressive treatment . In addition , people often catheterization should be avoided whenever possible urinary tract infection.

14 , life should be moderate , not reluctantly, not indulgence .

Need of kidney yin and yang :

Kidney essence from the role it can be divided into yin, yang aspects , yin and yang interdependence and mutual restraint, to maintain the body 's homeostasis. When this balance is destroyed, there will be yin, yang Piansheng partial failure or pathological changes .

Clinically, kidney yang than the more common , so the concept is the existence of kidney aphrodisiac certain misunderstanding.

The performance deficiency is pale or swarthy , weak acid, cold , cold extremities , mental fatigue, feeling weak ; impotence and premature ejaculation men , women infertility , loss of libido ; then deformed or frequent urination, clear long, nocturnal enuresis, pale tongue, white , just before dawn diarrhea and so on.


Performance is looking red kidney , Yaoxisuanruan and pain , vertigo , tinnitus, tooth loose hair off ; man nocturnal emission , premature ejaculation, woman was little or amenorrhea ; insomnia, forgetfulness, oropharyngeal drying , irritability, moving the sweating in the afternoon zygomatic red , emaciation, little yellow urine, red tongue or no moss.

Special Note : drink tea can damage kidneys

Many people tend to love to drink tea , like to the lifting of the wine dry, the plot digestion . Drink tea, drink tea especially detrimental to the kidneys . After the alcohol into the liver , through the action of enzymes break down , eventually become water and carbon dioxide excreted by the kidneys . The diuretic effect of theophylline , tea contains more theophylline, it will not yet exploded prematurely alcohol products into the kidney , and kidney damage .

Summer four methods to detoxify the kidneys

A kidney toxin symptoms

1 , easily fatigued . Toxins within the body of the energy consumption of the kidney , reducing the energy provided by the kidneys , so there body tired , weary somnolence , weakness .

2 , menstruation, or menstrual short , dark color . Generation and disappearance of menstruation , if renal function is strong performance, if there are many kidney toxins , blood will be reduced.

3 , jaw Changdou . Face jaw area governed by the kidney, and kidney detoxification inadequate , excess toxins will show in the jaw area.

4 , edema. The ability to manage the body's fluid running kidneys after renal accumulation of toxins, reduce discharge excess liquid , appeared edema.

Second, the small kidney toxin discharge method

1 , Sibu antitoxic : yam

Although a lot of yams can simultaneously nourish organs, but eventually to kidney and regular eating yams can enhance the detoxification function of the kidney . Candied yam is a good method of eating , with caramel " cooked " over the yam , kidney anti-drug efficacy will be increased accordingly .

2 , Sibu Detox : melon

Rich melon juice , into the body, will stimulate the kidneys to increase urine from the body of toxins. Available when eating melon soup or fried , the taste is far lighter.

3 , massage detoxification: Yongquan


Yongquan , the lowest point the body , if the body is a building , the point is that the export of sewage water pipes , often rubbing it , detoxification effect is obvious. Yongquan position in the top 1/ 3 foot (not including the calculation toe ) , more sensitive to this point , do not use too much strength, can feel a little better with a side -by-side knead for 5 minutes can be.

4 , morning drinking water detoxification

Kidney Detox most suitable time is 5 to 7 o'clock in the morning , after a night of body repair , the morning toxins are gathered in the kidneys , so it is best to drink a glass of white water in the morning , scouring about the kidneys, the toxins from your body .

How timely detection of diabetic nephropathy

When patients with diabetic nephropathy pregnancy, as with hypertension, coronary artery disease, renal dysfunction or proliferative retinopathy, you should consider terminating the pregnancy. If allowed to continue the pregnancy, the patient should be in a high-risk patient examination and follow-up, 28 weeks pregnant before, once a month; check every two weeks after the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. In each case as glucose, ketones, urine protein and blood pressure and weight measurement, if the following conditions should consider terminating the pregnancy.
Pregnant women need to diabetic nephropathy when termination of pregnancy
1, pregnant women with diabetes can not effectively control its progress by timely treatment.
2, while the occurrence of severe pregnancy-induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, retinal arteriosclerosis and severe liver and kidney dysfunction.
3, combined eclampsia and high blood sugar ketoacidosis.
4, combined hypoglycemic coma longer, endangering the safety of mother and child.
5, intrauterine growth stagnation and fetal malformation.
6, the mother suffering from malnutrition, arteriosclerotic heart disease and malignant progression of proliferative retinopathy.
7, pregnant women with severe respiratory tract, skin and urinary tract infections.

Control diet for the treatment of patients with diabetic nephropathy is very important, and diabetic nephropathy diet also taking into treatment needs of both diabetes and kidney disease , and therefore should follow the principles of diet therapy , namely high-quality low-protein diet, eating regular meals , salt restriction limit water.
1 , high-quality low-protein diet : How much protein intake in diabetic patients with kidney disease , patients with serum creatinine levels should refer to and endogenous creatinine clearance rate decision. The higher serum creatinine levels , the lower the endogenous creatinine clearance rate , the more stringent control of protein intake . Should minimize the intake of plant proteins , plant protein because it contains non-essential amino acids, the protein is inferior , in general should Eat soy products can be properly restricted staples such as flour , rice , because there is a certain amount of staple vegetable protein may appropriate to add milk, eggs , fish, lean meat and other animal protein , especially milk, egg protein is appropriate.
2 , eating regular meals : meals in diabetic nephropathy patients may or four meals , breakfast meals heat distribution is 1/5, lunch, dinner each 2 / 5. Four heat distribution for the breakfast meal 1/7 , and the remaining three meals each 2/7 .
3 , limit salt water restrictions : when patients edema or hypertension , we should restrict salt intake per day should not exceed 3 grams of water intake should be the correct day before urine output plus 300 ml to 500 ml , maintaining a substantially constant weight .
In addition, patients with diabetic nephropathy but also high-fiber diet , low

How timely detection of diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes , the incidence slower , because the patient has no symptoms early , to the hospital , they often appear in the urine has been developed to have elevated serum creatinine or protein . Therefore, it is timely discovery of diabetic nephropathy , and diabetic nephropathy early only to early detection through regular monitoring . Currently, the method of screening for early diabetic nephropathy is detected authoritative 24-hour urinary microalbumin quantification.
Patients with diabetic nephropathy 24-hour urine microalbumin quantitative criteria
Normal 24-hour urine microalbumin quantitatively less than 30 mg, if 2 consecutive diabetic patients within six months to check the quantitative 24-hour urine microalbumin were between 30 mg to 300 mg, should be promptly identified elevated urinary microalbumin the reason , if the patient is discharged from the other causes , belongs to early diabetic nephropathy.
If the 24-hour urine microalbumin excretion greater than 300 mg , then enter clinical diabetic nephropathy, at this time there is protein in urine can be displayed .
Specimens from 24-hour urine specimen method
Specimens from 24-hour urine specimens way for the first day 7:00 to urinate again until the next 7:00 to urinate , collect all urine during which the first Tianzao 7:00 urine does not record , including , but 7:00 am the next day must be recorded , including urine , mix dosage cup measure and record the total amount of urine , and a small cup of urine specimens sent to the hospital laboratory .

Diabetic nephropathy dietary salt restriction fat

Focusing on diabetic nephropathy early diagnosis and treatment . Once diagnosed , in addition to necessary medical treatment, it is important that the diet should pay attention to conditioning . This not only helps to reduce the burden on the kidneys , beneficial to control the disease and rehabilitation , but also alleviate the medication for too long and cause further damage to the kidneys .
Its diet mainly the following points:
1 for controlling a plant protein intake . Due to diabetes control carbohydrate intake , often with plant proteins as nutritional supplements. Plant protein because it contains large amounts of purine bases, excessive intake will increase the burden on the kidneys , it should be limited to soybeans, mung beans, soy milk and other high-protein foods for human consumption, can be replaced with fish, shrimp, sea cucumber , and lean meat .

2 . Limit fat . When kidney disease occurs , should limit intake of fat, because fat can cause arteriosclerosis exacerbated renal arteriosclerosis kidney disease itself is the performance . Can use vegetable oil instead of animal fats, vegetable daily intake should be controlled at 60-70 grams .
3 . Limit high-purine foods. A lot of purine metabolism in the body will increase the burden on the kidneys. Celery , spinach, peanuts, chicken , all kinds of broth, pig meat , sardines and animal offal and so rich in purine, should be strictly limited to food. Lean meat also contains purines, can be first in the consumption of meat in the water to cook , disposable soup consumption.
4 Eat less salt , eat eggs. In case of edema and hypertension kidney disease , you should limit the amount of salt , the general day to 2-4 grams of salt intake is appropriate . Egg proteins in the metabolic process will produce more uric acid . When renal function is impaired, make the end product of nitrogen accumulation in vivo heavier burden on the kidneys , so when there is renal insufficiency should not eat .

Mistakes teach you to stay away from diabetic nephropathy five aspects of preventive

With the improvement of people's material life , and now more and more people suffering from diabetes . Various complications caused by the chronic hyperglycemia attendant are also gradually endanger people's health. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious complications of diabetes, and is the main reason for ESRD . There is now also the understanding of the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy "three low misunderstanding ." The following small series to introduce you to how to prevent diabetic nephropathy .
First, low awareness , many people do not know diabetes can cause kidney damage . Nephrotic patients with diabetes will increase the original condition , and can cause or aggravate damage the heart, brain , eyes and other vital organs . Patients often wait until appear swollen , foamy urine and other symptoms for medical treatment, lost the best control timing.
Second, the low treatment of diabetic nephropathy caused by the culprit or chronic high blood sugar. However, many diabetic patients do not take medication in clinical practice, feel free to add and subtract with the drug , even in the "feel good" when self-withdrawal , delaying or aggravate the condition.
Third, the control rate, the treatment of diabetic nephropathy is often more difficult than normal kidney disease. The patient's blood sugar , blood pressure, blood lipids treatment non-compliance, can not adhere to scientific and rational way of life, will increase the damage the kidneys. Once macroalbuminuria stage , there will be a progressive decline in renal function.
Attention to five aspects of the prevention of diabetic nephropathy
Many see the emergence of diabetic nephropathy in life , diabetic nephropathy renal damage is very serious . Diabetic nephropathy as a common disease , it will always affect the lives and health of the patient . And if people do not attach importance to the timely prevention of diabetic nephropathy , it could lead to the development of the disease continues wanton in life , when it is dangerous. So we have to understand the prevention of diabetic nephropathy , in order to live healthier lives . Here's a look at what the prevention of diabetic nephropathy .
1 , adjust the law of life . Diabetes is a chronic , life is very important that , in the body allows, living on time , in favor of glucose metabolism.
2 , prevention of diabetic nephropathy way to adhere to proper exercise . Appropriate regular activities is an important means of treatment of diabetes, can take a variety of modalities .
3 , diabetic nephropathy all people with diabetes duration of more than five years , and they should regularly check kidney function , urine protein , 24-hour urinary protein excretion , and pay attention to blood pressure measurement , fundus examination . Therefore, this is one way for the prevention of diabetic nephropathy .
4 , prevention of diabetic nephropathy , including diet and restrained , do not eat too much , otherwise it may cause great fluctuations in blood , urine , and destroy the body's equilibrium, eat less greasy and fried foods, the amount of chicken , fish, lean meat , eat more vegetables , avoid alcohol . Also diabetic patients should carry out some snacks and sweets , to avoid hypoglycemia .
5 , if it is determined to albumin increases, and to rule out other factors that cause it to increase , such as urinary tract infections , exercise , hypertension , should be highly vigilant. Diabetic nephropathy prevention efforts should be taken to control blood sugar , making it as close as possible to normal. If blood pressure > 18.7/12kPa, it should actively buck, so to maintain blood pressure in the normal range . Meanwhile, it should be emphasized low salt, low -protein diet to better quality protein .

Anti kidney urine at least once a year to check

Kidney problems first by an abnormal urine
If the urine bubble suddenly become much, do not disappear , indicating more protein excretion in the urine ; If abnormal urine color , was tea -colored , soy sauce , such as color or turbidity when the rice water , should pay attention to the hospital as soon as possible inspection.

The best way is to ferret out kidney urine
Generally no exceptions , most people regularly check once a year urine . Cardiovascular disease , chronic anemia who are older and often bone headaches , easy fractures person, after repeated infections large doses of antibiotics , should be checked every six months . If there is no family history of high blood pressure at a young age , but also a number of mind. Because high blood pressure may be suffering from kidney disease when young , and one of the typical characteristics of early . Frequent backache , eyelids, dorsum of the foot , ankle and even edema, anemia , or it may indicate kidney dysfunction.
Induced chronic kidney disease for many reasons, respiratory or urinary tract infections, unhealthy lifestyles , are "murderer ." In addition, drug-induced renal injury should pay attention to. Do not forget to drink a large glass of water after taking the drug , which is also a good way to protect the kidneys .

Treatment of hypertensive nephropathy

 Fourth, associated with hyperlipidemia, diabetes and hyperuricemia should be given the appropriate treatment. While applying anti-platelet aggregation and adhesion of drugs such as dipyridamole, aspirin, may have prevented renal arteriosclerosis.
    Fifth, there should also be given when renal insufficiency without dialysis treatment and alternative therapy, see "chronic renal insufficiency" section.
    Sixth, keep the stool, it is appropriate Qingning pills, Mo Qing Ning pills. Bupleurum trifoliate orange soup medicine is appropriate, TGD and so on.

Профилактика гипертонической нефропатии

Гипертоническая нефропатия ранняя профилактика очень важна, общие превентивные меры включают в себя следующее:
    Во-первых, возраст 40-50 лет, истории гипертонии в течение 5-10 лет. Если определено, альбумин увеличена, чтобы проследить, должны быть очень бдительности.
    Во-вторых, никтурия, протеинурия или переходных гематурия всегда должны проверить функцию почек, белка в моче. 24-часовой экскреции белка в моче, измерения внимание кровяное давление, сделать глазного дна обследование.
    В-третьих, держать стул.
    В-четвертых, избегать воздействия тяжелых металлов, токсичных препаратов и возможного повреждения почек.

Check uremia

A blood test :
    ① urea nitrogen , creatinine increased.
    ② hemoglobin generally 80g / L or less , end-stage can be reduced to 20-30g / L, platelets or white blood cells may be associated with the high .
    ③ arterial blood gases , pH measurement ; often late PH value decreased , AB, SB and BE were lower , PaCO2 showed a compensatory decrease.
    ④ plasma protein may be normal or decreased.
    ⑤ electrolyte abnormalities can be measured .
    Second, the urine test :
    ① urine change may be due to different underlying cause vary , may have proteinuria , red, white blood cells or casts, you can also change the obvious.
    ② 1.018 specific gravity more in less time uremia fixed between 1.010 ~ 1.012 , urine at night than during the day urine . Third, renal function test ① glomerular filtration rate , creatinine clearance decreased .
    ③ phenol red excretion test and urine tests were concentrated diluted loss .
    ④ water clearance measurement anomalies.
    ⑤ radionuclide renography and renal scintigraphy scan and also helps to understand kidney function. Fourth, other urinary tract examination or X -ray angiography, renal biopsy , to help diagnose the cause .
    Diagnosis based on a history of chronic kidney relevant clinical manifestations and urine, blood biochemical tests, can be confirmed.
    According to the degree of abnormal renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (cr) were divided into three phases :
    First, decompensated renal insufficiency GFR between 50-70ml/min, blood BuN> 7.14> 8.93mmol / L blood Cr> 132 <177umol / L, except for the primary clinical manifestations of disease , there is no other symptoms.
    Second, renal decompensation or azotemia GFR <50ml/min, blood BuN> 8.93mmol / L, serum Cr> 177umol / L, mild fatigue, loss of appetite and other symptoms and varying degrees of anemia .
    Third, uremia have GFR <25ml/min, blood BuN> 21.42mmol / L, serum Cr> 442umol / L, there are obvious clinical symptoms of uremia . If GFR <10ml/min, uremia late ; GFR <5ml/min, compared with end-stage uremia . Once diagnosed with chronic renal failure should be clearly deteriorating primary disease and incentives in order to take effective treatment .

Children with acute renal failure check

Image Diagnosis:
    1.B Ultrasonic inspection : kidney size can be observed , while the presence or absence of kidney stones and tips hydronephrosis . If examination showed normal kidney size , there are obvious hydronephrosis, strongly suggestive post-renal causes.
    2 Abdominal x -ray : kidney size for observation , while positive stones can be found .
    Blood: Common hemoglobin and red blood cells decreased slightly , there is a secondary infection often have leukocytosis and left shift , the individual may have thrombocytopenia .
    Blood biochemical measurements : oliguria most significant change . Common blood urea nitrogen , creatinine significantly increased, decreased bicarbonate . There may be a variety of electrolyte imbalance in potassium and low in sodium is the most common , but also can occur in low calcium and high phosphorus. Early polyuria also many significant metabolic acidosis and azotemia , often have abnormal blood electrolytes , especially potassium -prone or high sodium.
    Urine: common and specific gravity to reduce proteinuria . Sediment examination shows red blood cells, white blood cells and casts. If due to prerenal factors , early often high specific gravity , urine sediment examination and urine protein found no abnormality ; renal factors can affect even those who often have significant proteinuria and microscopic sediment anomaly .
    Renal biopsy : indications of renal causes of acute renal failure, can understand the pathological type and extent of kidney disease , contribute to the development of treatment programs and prognosis .

Children with chronic renal failure prevention

Children with chronic renal failure and hemodialysis nursing
    1 , nutrition management
    Nutritional management of conservative treatment , mainly based on serum creatinine , blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels to adjust the amount of food needed to be a nurse documented daily dietary intake for doctors to calculate caloric intake and daily protein quality . Protein intake should be able to ensure that children grow , but should enable BUN (35mmol / L, blood P20mmol / L, K <5. 5mmol / L, 2.0g/kg, and hemodialysis is 1.5g/kg) .
    CRF children should be low salt diet , intake of dry food meal meals and blocks . Growing children , usually by measuring the weight to understand the water intake.
    2, with the potassium
    CRF is often accompanied by hyperkalemia , requiring nurses to parents on high potassium fruits and vegetables to avoid excessive intake.
    3 , strict isolation to prevent infection
    Try to avoid public places . Hospitalized children live in single rooms , airy room twice a day . Night line UV disinfection , reducing drying underwear soft and clean.
    4 , psychological care
    In the nursing work to caring families and children , the language to be cautious enthusiasm , if necessary, by introducing or participate in other patient treatment , so that children and their families to eliminate concerns and actively cooperate to enable earlier disease under control .

Differential diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis

When no acute pyelonephritis symptoms ( fever and back pain ) exists , urinary tract and urinary tract infections often very difficult on the identification. Chronic pyelonephritis patients with renal scars in typical excretory urography in patients with lower urinary tract infection and kidney is normal. However, patients with renal scarring and sometimes urine culture no bacterial growth , only the performance of lower urinary tract infection symptoms. Patients with normal excretory urography also sometimes fever, back pain or other symptoms of upper urinary tract infection . Therefore , when invasive procedures unless otherwise lower urinary tract infections ( cystitis female urethral syndrome and male bacterial prostatitis and cystitis ) and upper urinary tract infection between identification difficult .
    Chronic interstitial renal disease and chronic pyelonephritis must be differentiated from other causes , particularly analgesic nephropathy . Must be considered when making the identification of possible renal tuberculosis , urine smear and culture found mycobacteria and can be identified when urography found the typical manifestations of renal tuberculosis . Urography found to have chronic pyelonephritis change , sometimes the need for further examination of renal scintigraphy with kidney tumors , angiography or CT scan phase identification.

Kidney stones or thyroid problems can be prevented to ensure daily water intake

Broken stones and long, low back pain unbearable . 30 -year-old Liu recurrent kidney stones in recent years , much troubled , recently went to the hospital only to find out the root cause of a detailed examination - hyperparathyroidism, need medication .
Had kidney stones , most people tend to think of the urinary system , in fact, due to hyperparathyroidism in patients with kidney stones caused by a minority. One of the parathyroid glands of the body, in front of the neck, next to the thyroid, parathyroid hormone secretion main role is . Human parathyroid hormone can regulate calcium and phosphorus balance, so the bones of calcium into the bloodstream. If hyperparathyroidism, can cause hypercalcemia , once the recovery is beyond the ability of the kidney , a lot of calcium goes into the urine , deposition in the kidney stone formation . If these patients solely on the basis of the urinary system diseases , is a palliative. Due to the high concentration of calcium in the blood of kidney stones provides a lot of "raw material" , stones are endless row . Therefore, if repeated kidney stones , or no obvious incentive multiple urinary stones , you need to check the level of parathyroid hormone and serum calcium concentrations.
In addition to hyperparathyroidism , there are many diseases can cause kidney stones. Gout of blood, urine uric acid increased , easy to form uric acid stones ; fractures, bone tuberculosis patients bedridden or plaster , or spinal cord injury, paralysis patient , can lead to bone demineralization, it increases urinary calcium , but also easy to induce stones. In addition , urinary tract congenital malformations , pyelonephritis , cystitis , urinary tract infections and other diseases can also cause stones. If adult overdose vitamin D, may also induce kidney stones.
How to prevent kidney stones in the daily life of it ? First , to ensure the daily water intake , daily should drink at least 2000 ml , in patients already diagnosed with stones in the water but also to reach daily from 2500 to 3000 ml , 2500 ml a day to keep urine in the above . Secondly , not a partial eclipse or excessive consumption of animal protein , such as oxalic acid and vitamin C , to avoid increasing the risk of kidney stones. Specifically: eat seafood , animal offal ( liver and kidney ) , poultry skin, eat chocolate , spinach , peanut butter , spinach, bamboo shoots , eat soy products, drink carbonated beverages, such as beer .

Acute renal failure check

  A urine test: oliguria, urine output ≤ 17ml / h or <400ml / d, low specific gravity <1.014 or even fixed at about 1.010, urine acidic urine protein + + + +.
    Second, azotemia: elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine.
    Third, the blood tests: red blood cells and hemoglobin decreased, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia. Serum potassium, magnesium, phosphorus increased, normal or slightly reduced sodium, calcium reduced carbon dioxide combining power is also reduced.
    Fourth, urinary sodium quantitative> 30mmol / L.
    Fifth, the water clear for determination: The method for early diagnosis.

Functional acute renal failure ( prerenal oliguria ) and organic acute renal failure ( renal oliguria ) identification

    A urinary sediment : only appears when the function is often acute renal failure in a transparent and fine granular casts , and acute renal failure occurs when organic tubular epithelial cells , tubular degeneration of cells and a large number of coarse particles cell casts , but also a large number of free tubular epithelial cells.
    2 Urine - plasma osmolality ratio : normal or high urine osmolality when functional acute renal failure ( greater than 600 mOsm / l ) , urine - plasma osmolality ratio greater than 2:1 , and is urine osmolality close to plasma osmolality ( 300 mOsm / l ) when the quality of acute renal failure, both the ratio is less than 1:1.
    3 urinary sodium concentration: when functional acute renal failure, urinary sodium reabsorption function is not destroyed, and thus preserved sodium , urine sodium concentration less than 20 mEq / liter. When organic sodium reabsorption reduce acute renal failure , urinary sodium rises often more than 40 mEq / liter.
    4 Urine - plasma creatinine ratio : acute renal failure when the urine concentration of functional performance has not been destroyed, so the urine - often in plasma creatinine ratio greater than 40:1. When organic acute renal failure renal tubular necrosis . Urinary concentration function is damaged , urine - often less than plasma creatinine ratio of 10:1 .
    5 BUN - Creatinine Ratio : functional when the flow rate of decline in renal tubular acute renal failure , renal tubular reabsorption of filtered urea increased, creatinine excretion remains constant , therefore , BUN - Creatinine ratio greater than 20:1. When both organic acute renal failure often 10:1 ratio .
    6 hour phenol red excretion test : by a conventional method for phenol red test, but only one hour to collect urine specimens , the bladder with saline to reduce the error caused by residual urine . Phenol red excretion of the need for adequate renal blood flow and tubular secretion , excretion is minimal and therefore often expressed organic acute renal failure, such as phenol red excretion of more than 5% , there may be acute renal function decline , while not wholly impaired renal tubular function .