Check uremia

A blood test :
    ① urea nitrogen , creatinine increased.
    ② hemoglobin generally 80g / L or less , end-stage can be reduced to 20-30g / L, platelets or white blood cells may be associated with the high .
    ③ arterial blood gases , pH measurement ; often late PH value decreased , AB, SB and BE were lower , PaCO2 showed a compensatory decrease.
    ④ plasma protein may be normal or decreased.
    ⑤ electrolyte abnormalities can be measured .
    Second, the urine test :
    ① urine change may be due to different underlying cause vary , may have proteinuria , red, white blood cells or casts, you can also change the obvious.
    ② 1.018 specific gravity more in less time uremia fixed between 1.010 ~ 1.012 , urine at night than during the day urine . Third, renal function test ① glomerular filtration rate , creatinine clearance decreased .
    ③ phenol red excretion test and urine tests were concentrated diluted loss .
    ④ water clearance measurement anomalies.
    ⑤ radionuclide renography and renal scintigraphy scan and also helps to understand kidney function. Fourth, other urinary tract examination or X -ray angiography, renal biopsy , to help diagnose the cause .
    Diagnosis based on a history of chronic kidney relevant clinical manifestations and urine, blood biochemical tests, can be confirmed.
    According to the degree of abnormal renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (cr) were divided into three phases :
    First, decompensated renal insufficiency GFR between 50-70ml/min, blood BuN> 7.14> 8.93mmol / L blood Cr> 132 <177umol / L, except for the primary clinical manifestations of disease , there is no other symptoms.
    Second, renal decompensation or azotemia GFR <50ml/min, blood BuN> 8.93mmol / L, serum Cr> 177umol / L, mild fatigue, loss of appetite and other symptoms and varying degrees of anemia .
    Third, uremia have GFR <25ml/min, blood BuN> 21.42mmol / L, serum Cr> 442umol / L, there are obvious clinical symptoms of uremia . If GFR <10ml/min, uremia late ; GFR <5ml/min, compared with end-stage uremia . Once diagnosed with chronic renal failure should be clearly deteriorating primary disease and incentives in order to take effective treatment .